Renaissance & Florence
In what country did the Renaissance begin?
Italy
What Renaissance idea emphasized the importance and achievements of individuals?
Humanism
Who is credited with developing the movable-type printing press in Europe?
Johannes Gutenberg
Which English king had six wives?
Henry VIII
What was the Catholic Church’s response to the Protestant Reformation called?
Counter-Reformation / Catholic Reformation
What Italian city became wealthy through trade and banking and became a major center of the Renaissance?
Florence
Humanists studied the writings of what two ancient civilizations?
Greece & Rome
What invention allowed books and new ideas to spread much faster across Europe?
Printing Press
Henry VIII broke England away from what church?
The Roman Catholic Church
What Catholic religious order was founded by Ignatius of Loyola?
The Jesuits
What powerful banking family helped rule Florence and supported Renaissance artists?
The Medici Family
Why is Leonardo da Vinci called a “Renaissance Man”?
He had many interests and talents in areas such as art, science, and invention.
Who wrote the 95 Theses?
Martin Luther
What new church did Henry VIII establish?
The Church of England
What major Catholic meeting began in 1545 to address Church teachings and abuses?
The Council of Trent
What two ancient civilizations inspired Renaissance thinkers and artists?
Greece & Rome
Who painted the Mona Lisa?
Leonardo da Vinci
What Catholic Church practice involving payments did Martin Luther strongly criticize?
The selling of indulgences
Why did Henry VIII break with the Catholic Church?
The pope would not allow him to end his marriage, and Henry wanted a male heir.
Name two major parts of the Catholic Counter-Reformation found on your test.
Jesuits, Council of Trent, or Inquisition
Florence became a major Renaissance city because it had wealthy merchants, successful trade, and stable leadership under what family?
The Medici Family
Medieval thought often focused heavily on religion. What did Renaissance humanists place greater emphasis on?
Human experiences, abilities, achievements, and learning
Explain one way the printing press helped cause the Protestant Reformation.
It spread Luther’s ideas and allowed more people to read religious writings/Bibles for themselves.
After England separated from the Catholic Church, who became head of the English Church?
Henry VIII / the English monarch
What was the main purpose of the Jesuits, Council of Trent, and Inquisition?
To strengthen/restore the Catholic Church and respond to Protestantism