Before the unification of Italy
In what century was the italian peninsula divided into several states
19th century
In 1859 a piedmontese and what army defeated the austrians soLombardy became a part of Piedmont
French
In 1815 the German territory was divided into (12), (23), or (39) states
39
What was the first step in unifying Germany
Prussia invaded and annexed two states that were ruled by Denmark but had a large German population
The Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia was ruled by...
Austria
What were Garibaldi's revolutionary forces called
red shirts
The territories of Germany were grouped together into an association called the
German Confederation
What war occurred between 1866 and 169 that influenced the unification of Germany
Austro-Prussian War
Despite being separated, why did the Italians feel unified
They shared a common language and history
Who became the king of Italy when the first italian parliament met in Turin
Vittorio Emanuele II
What did the customs union or Zollverein facilitate
a free-trade area without internal customs duties, movement of goods
Where did the Germans defeat the French Emperor Napoleon III
Battle of Sedan in 1870
What Kingdom led the unification process
The Kingdom of Piedmont in the northwest
Venice
How did King Wilhelm of Prusia and his prime minister Otto von Bismarck accelerate the unification process of Germany
Military action, three wars specifically
What did France had to cede to Germany after losing the battle to them in 1871
Territories of Alsace and Lorraine
Who were the architects of the process of unification
King Vittorio Emanuele II, his prime minister Cavour and the revolutionary leader Garibaldi
Who occupied Rome in 1870
The Piedmontese
In the Revolution of 1848 what did the Parliament offer the king of Prussia
crown of a unified Germany
In 1871 the Second Reich was proclaimed, who was crowned Kaiser or Emperor
Wilhelm I