Infectious disease 1
Foundation of infection prevention
Hand hygiene
Most common cause of febrile illness in returning travelers
Malaria
Cause of hemorrhagic colitis after consuming contaminated beef
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli
Cause of swimming pool–related diarrhea
Cryptosporidium
Common source of Campylobacter infection
Undercooked poultry
Initial treatment of primary genital herpes simplex infection
Acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir
Treatment of anaplasmosis
Doxycycline
Treatment of asymptomatic catheter-associated bacteriuria
None
Gonorrhea screening and diagnostic test in women
Genital swab NAAT
Chlamydia screening and diagnostic test in men
Urine NAAT
Risk factors for diabetic foot ulcer–related osteomyelitis
Exposed bone, diameter >2 cm, nonhealing
Synovial fluid leukocyte count in infectious arthritis
>50,000/µL
CD4 count associated with increased risk for toxoplasmosis
<100/µL
Adjunctive therapy for severe CAP in the ICU
Glucocorticoids
Neuraminidase inhibitor treatments for influenza
Oseltamivir (oral), zanamivir (inhaled), peramivir (IV)
Treatment for MSSA toxic shock syndrome
Nafcillin or cefazolin combined with clindamycin
Antibiotic treatment of early localized Lyme disease
Doxycycline, amoxicillin, or cefuroxime axetil
Ground-glass attenuation surrounding nodule on lung CT
“Halo sign” associated with invasive aspergillosis
Treatment for spinal epidural abscess with neurologic symptoms
Drainage and antibiotics
Diagnostic test for early Zika virus infection
Reverse transcriptase PCR on serum and urine
HIV postexposure treatment
Tenofovir, plus either emtricitabine or lamivudine, plus either dolutegravir or bictegravir (three-drug regimen)
Empiric treatment for TB meningitis
4-drug anti-TB regimen of rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol plus dexamethasone
Postexposure treatment for bioterrorism-related anthrax
Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, or doxycycline plus vaccination
Management of prosthetic joint infection
Two-stage procedure with device removal and antibiotic course followed by new device implantation
Management of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis
Extensive surgical debridement and early antifungal therapy