Infectious disease 1
Foundation of infection prevention
Hand hygiene
Painless, indurated genital ulcer
Chancre of primary syphilis
Cause of swimming pool–related diarrhea
Cryptosporidium
GI illness from reptiles and amphibians
Nontyphoidal salmonella
Painful ear canal vesicles and Bell palsy
Herpes zoster oticus (Ramsay Hunt)
Treatment of asymptomatic catheter-associated bacteriuria
None
Chlamydia screening and diagnostic test in men
Urine NAAT
Most common cause of febrile illness in returning travelers
Malaria
Fever, relative bradycardia, abdominal pain, “rose spot” rash
Typhoid fever
Intra-erythrocyte ring or tetrad inclusions
Babesia infection
Treatment for outpatient CAP in otherwise healthy patients
Amoxicillin, doxycycline, or a macrolide (if regional pneumococcal resistance <25%)
Treatment of esophageal candidiasis
Oral fluconazole
Hallmark finding in Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Delayed macular rash around ankles and wrists followed by central spread, progressing to petechiae or purpura
Meningitis, uveitis, rash, red conjunctivae, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly after freshwater exposure contaminated with rodent urine
Leptospirosis
Tenosynovitis, migratory polyarthralgia, and vesiculopustular rash
Disseminated gonococcal infection
Empiric antibiotics for bacterial meningitis, age >50 years
Ampicillin plus ceftriaxone plus vancomycin
CD4 count associated with increased risk for toxoplasmosis
<100/µL
Meningitis, cranial neuropathies, mental status changes, SIADH
TB meningitis
Ground-glass attenuation surrounding nodule on lung CT
“Halo sign” associated with invasive aspergillosis
Positive HIV antigen/antibody, negative differentiation immunoassay, positive RNA NAAT
Acute HIV infection
HIV postexposure treatment
Tenofovir, plus either emtricitabine or lamivudine, plus either dolutegravir or bictegravir (three-drug regimen)
Induction therapy for cryptococcal meningitis
Lipid formulation of amphotericin B plus flucytosine
First-line treatment for invasive aspergillosis
Mold-active triazole (voriconazole) or combination of mold-active triazole and echinocandin
Empiric treatment for TB meningitis
4-drug anti-TB regimen of rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol plus dexamethasone
Management of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis
Extensive surgical debridement and early antifungal therapy