Claims and Reasoning
What is an arguable position the author wants an audience to accept?
A claim
Which appeal relies on logic, reasons, and evidence?
Logos
What is a reasonable opposing position called?
A counterargument
What is the author's specific reason for creating a text?
Purpose
What does the R in T.H.R.E.A.T. remind writers to include?
Reference or integrated evidence
What is a line of reasoning?
The connected path from claim through reasons, evidence, appeals, and conclusion.
Which type of evidence uses measured observations or numerical data?
Empirical or statistical evidence
What move admits that part of an opposing position is valid?
A concession
Which appeal builds trust or credibility?
Ethos
What does synthesis create that comparison alone does not?
A new understanding built from significant ideas or evidence across texts
How does a reason differ from evidence?
A reason explains why a claim is valid. Evidence provides support for that reason.
What three qualities should a reader use to evaluate evidence?
Relevance, sufficiency, and credibility
What move answers or limits the opposing position?
A rebuttal
Twohy's use of 'virtual pigskin' creates what important effect?
Irony that highlights the tension between virtual play and traditional physical interaction
Why should an argumentative thesis be qualified rather than absolute?
A qualified thesis is more defensible and reflects important limits.
What must commentary do after evidence appears?
Explain how the evidence supports the reasoning and why it matters.
Why is an anecdote usually stronger when paired with data?
The data supports a broader pattern while the anecdote illustrates what that pattern may look like.
Put these in a logical order: rebuttal, counterargument, concession.
Counterargument, concession, rebuttal
How can framing the same activity as an escape or a problem-solving space affect an audience?
The language directs the audience toward a negative or positive interpretation of the activity.
What must a complete argumentative ECR do with an opposing position?
State it fairly, concede a valid concern, and rebut it with reasoning.
How can a conclusion advance an argument instead of repeating the thesis?
It can show significance, consequences, limits, implications, or complete the reasoning.
A study directly supports a claim but explains neither its method nor sample. Evaluate it.
It may be relevant, but its sufficiency and credibility are limited because the method and sample are unclear.
How can a concession strengthen an argument without surrendering the claim?
It demonstrates fairness and credibility while the rebuttal explains why the concern does not defeat the position.
How can readers infer an intended audience when the author never names it?
Analyze claims, evidence, appeals, tone, framing, assumed knowledge, and targeted concerns or values.
Name the two scoring areas in the five-point English II argumentative rubric.
Organization and development: 3 points. Conventions: 2 points.