DNA replication
These are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA.
What are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine?
RNA contains this nitrogenous base instead of thymine.
What is uracil?
Ribosomes are responsible for this process.
What is protein synthesis?
This macromolecule is the body’s main source of quick energy.
What are carbohydrates?
These are the monomers of proteins.
What are amino acids?
The enzyme that unzips DNA during replication.
What is helicase?
A sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA is called this.
What is a codon?
This organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins.
What is the Golgi apparatus?
Lipids are considered _____ because they do not mix well with water.
hydrophobic
A change in protein shape due to heat or pH is called this.
What is denaturation?
DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides in this direction.
What is 5′ to 3′?
The process by which introns are removed from pre-mRNA.
What is RNA splicing?
A scientist observes a cell lacking a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. This cell is classified as…
What is prokaryotic?
A scientist observes a molecule made of glycerol and three fatty acids. This molecule is a…
What is a triglyceride?
This molecule binds to the active site of an enzyme.
What is the substrate?
This strand is synthesized continuously during replication.
What is the leading strand?
A mutation changes one nucleotide in a codon but does not change the amino acid. This is called a…
What is a silent mutation?
Muscle cells require large amounts of energy and therefore contain many of these organelles.
What are mitochondria?
Saturated fats are different from unsaturated fats because saturated fats contain no…
Double bonds
This level of protein structure involves multiple polypeptide chains.
What is quaternary structure?
A DNA sample contains 18% guanine. Determine the percentages of the remaining three bases.
Cytosine = 18%
Adenine = 32%
Thymine = 32%
A DNA template strand reads: TAC AAA CGC ATT. Determine the mRNA sequence and the amino acid sequence.
AUG UUU GCG UAA
Start/methionine, phenylalanine, alanine, stop
These 4 things make up the cell membrane.
Phospholipid bilayer, carbs, cholesterol, embedded proteins.
This carbohydrate cannot be digested by humans but acts as dietary fiber.
What is cellulose?
A protein has been broken down into separate amino acids. It is likely that ____ occurred.
Hydrolysis