Scientific Method
Layers of Earth
Plate Tectonics
Soil
Rock Cycle
100
What is a hypothesis?
What is an educated guess; a proposed explanation for your experiment.
100
What are the four layers of the Earth from the outside to the inside?
What is crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
100
What is a convergent boundary and what events occur here (earthquakes, volcanoes, both)?
What is where two plates come together or collide. We see both volcanoes and earthquakes at convergent boundaries.
100
What is a soil horizon?
What is a layer of soil such as the A horizon or B horizon.
100
What is the rock cycle?
What is a cycle showing the processes undergone by rocks in the earth's crust.
200
What is an independent variable and give an example of one from any experiment of your choosing.
What is what your are manipulating (changing). Brand of paper towel, brand of race car, model of paper airplane, type of soil.
200
What is unique about the mantle?
What is it has convection currents, it makes up 85% of Earth's mass.
200
What is a transform boundary and what events occur along this boundary (earthquakes, volcanoes, or both)?
What is when two plates slide past each other. This is the boundary where we are most likely to see earthquakes. Volcanoes do not occur with this boundary type.
200
What is organic matter?
What is organic matter is found in the top layer of soil. It has many nutrients. These nutrients come from decaying animals and leaves and from decomposers.
200
How is igneous rock formed?
What is when magma cools and hardens.
300
What is a dependent variable and give an example of one from an experiment of your choosing.
What is what you are measuring. How much water it holds, how fast it goes, how far it goes, how heavy it is.
300
What are convection currents?
What is convection currents result from cool rock matter rising and hot rock matter sinking. This creates a circular motion inside the mantle and is responsible for moving the tectonic plates.
300
What are lithosphere and asthenosphere referring to? (Layman's terms, normal people talk)
What is lithosphere is crust and asthenosphere is mantle.
300
What are the four different colors of soil we discussed and what does each tell us?
What is dark brown=organic matter, lots of nutrients red/orange= rust because of the iron in the soil yellow= lots of oxygen, little water gray= little oxygen, water logged for most of the year
300
What are the two types of igneous rock and how are they formed?
What is extrusive and intrusive. EXtrusive is when magma EXits onto Earth's surface and hardens quickly because it is exposed to the cool air. INtrusive is when magma gets trapped INside the earth and hardens slowly.
400
Johnny's mother's birthday is coming up and he wants to get her a candle. He wants to know which brand of candle burns the longest. He gets a Yankee Candle, a Walmart brand candle, and a Bath and Body Candle. He gets the same size candles and burns each of them until they burn out. The Yankee Candle burns for 100 hours, the Walmart for 80 hours, and the B and B for 150 hours. What are the independent, dependent, and control variables?
What is independent: brand of candle dependent: how long the candles burn control: size of the candle, where you are burning the candles, how long you leave them burning
400
Have we ever visited the mantle? Why or why not?
What is no because the deepest we have ever been down in the earth is seven miles which is still the crust (crust is 10-40 miles deep). We most likely do not have the equipment and technology that would survive the extreme heat of the mantle.
400
What is the theory of continental drift and who proposed this theory?
What is this theory states that the continents were all once connected in a formation called Pangaea and over time drifted to the position they are in today because of convection currents in the mantle. Alfred Wegener proposed this theory in 1915.
400
What is soil fertility?
What is how fertile the soil is. Fertile meaning how many nutrients it has. Remember soil fertility, organic matter, and nutrients all work together.
400
What do heat and pressure have to do with the rock cycle?
What is heat and pressure are what form metamorphic rocks. Rocks from Earth's surface are pulled under then heated and squeezed and transformed into differnent types of rocks. This is known as metamorphism (change) and produces metamorphic rock.
500
What are three things you should never do in a lab setting?
What is eat, drink, chew gum, play with chemicals, touch anything before instructed to do so, try to get a head start, smell without using the wafting motion, reach over an open flame, etc.
500
What do the outer core and inner core have in common?
What is they are both composed of nickle and iron.
500
Why does the sea floor spread?
What is the sea floor spreads because of divergent boundaries. Most divergent boundaries (plates divide) are found in the ocean. The sea floor moves apart and magma fills the space which can create underwater mountain chains such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
500
How does parent material and the environment affect the formation of soil?
What is parent material is where soil comes from. Parent rock is broken down by environmental forces such as rain, wind, and waves and creates soil over time.
500
What are the 6 characteristics of rock?
What is crystals, fossils, gas bubbles, glassy surface, ribbonlike layers, sand or pebbles.
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