Genetics Vocabulary
What molecule carries genetic instructions?
DNA
Which DNA base pairs with adenine (A)?
Thymine (T)
What is the name of the variable deliberately changed by the investigator/scientist?
Independent variable
In a simple dominant–recessive model, what genotype contains two recessive alleles represented by the letter b?
bb
A simulation predicts 50% purple flowers. Out of 80 flowers, how many purple flowers are expected?
40
What term describes the observable trait of an organism?
Phenotype
How many chromosomes are found in a typical human body cell?
46
What is the name of the variable deliberately changed by the investigator/scientist?
Controlled variables
In the cross Pp × pp, what percentage of offspring are expected to be pp?
50%
A simulation predicts 50% purple flowers. Out of 80 flowers, how many purple flowers are expected?
57.5%
What term describes having two different alleles for a gene, such as Bb?
Heterozygous
How many daughter cells are typically produced by mitosis?
2
What term describes whether repeated procedures produce consistent findings?
Reliability
In the cross Pp × Pp, what percentage of offspring are expected to be PP?
25%
If the expected percentage is 50% and the observed percentage is 57.5%, what is the difference in percentage points?
7.5 percentage points
What inheritance pattern occurs when both alleles are expressed in a heterozygote?
Codominance
How many chromosomes are found in a typical human gamete?
23
What term describes whether an investigation fairly tests its intended research question?
Validity
If purple (P) is dominant to white (p), what is the expected purple-to-white phenotype ratio for Pp × Pp?
3:1
A genetic simulation produces 34 white flowers out of 80. What is the observed percentage of white flowers?
42.5%
What gene-editing tool is specifically named in the study guide?
CRISPR
How many genetically different haploid cells are typically produced by meiosis?
What is the name of the variable measured or counted?
Dependent variable
In the cross Pp × pp, how many of 120 offspring are expected to have purple flowers?
60
A simulation predicts 50 purple flowers out of 100, but 62 are observed. How many more purple flowers were observed than expected?
12
Final Jeopardy Category
Genetic Probability
(with two minutes to answer)
In a simple dominant–recessive model, two heterozygous parents (Bb × Bb) have 200 offspring. How many offspring are expected to have the recessive phenotype?
50
Calculation: Bb × Bb produces BB, Bb, Bb, and bb. The recessive phenotype occurs in 25% of offspring.
200 × 0.25 = 50.0