Cells Structures
What organelle in a plant cell would be most active during a sunny day when the plant is producing glucose?
Chloroplast
A group of similar cardiac muscle cells working together to perform a single function forms what level of organization?
Tissue
When you sprint, your leg muscles contract rapidly and need more oxygen. Which two body systems must speed up their work to deliver that extra oxygen to your muscle cells?
Respiratory system and Circulatory system
If the mitochondria had a social media bio, it would definitely say: "Just a single-celled organelle trying to be the absolute powerhouse of the cell." What energy molecule is this organelle constantly flexing about making?
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
Which organelle would increase most in number inside a athlete’s muscle cells after weeks of endurance training?
Mitochondria
Which structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating what enters and leaves the cell to maintain internal homeostasis?
Cell membrane
The heart consists of muscle tissue, nerve tissue, and connective tissue all working together to pump blood. What level of organization is the heart?
Organ
Which body system breaks down food into microscopic nutrient molecules so they can pass into the bloodstream?
Digestive system
How do the nervous system and muscular system interact when you touch a hot stove?
Sensory nerves send a pain signal to the brain, which signals muscles to pull your hand away.
[Structure X] ---> [Modifies / Packages Proteins] ---> [Ships Out of Cell]
What cell organelle is represented by Structure X?
Golgi Apparatus (or Golgi Body)
Which organelle contains the genetic code (DNA) and directs all instructions for cellular activities, such as growth and division?
Nucleus
Arrange these biological structures in order from simplest to most complex: Stomach, Epithelial Cell, Human, Digestive System, Smooth Muscle Tissue.
Epithelial Cell > Smooth Muscle Tissue > Stomach > Digestive System > Human
The esophagus uses wave-like muscle contractions (peristalsis) to move food to the stomach. Which two body systems are interacting during this process?
Digestive system and Muscular system
If the mitochondria stopped working, predict what would happen to the cell and explain why.
The cell would lose energy and slow down or die because mitochondria make ATP, which powers all cell activities.
Plant cells do not burst when full of water, but red blood cells do. What structure prevents plants from bursting?
Cell wall
If a cell suddenly loses its ability to produce ATP (energy) to carry out basic cellular tasks, which organelle has most likely stopped functioning?
Mitochondria
At what level of biological organization does an individual living entity capable of carrying out all life processes independently exist?
Organism
If a person's diaphragm becomes paralyzed and cannot contract down, which essential life process immediately stops working?
Breathing (Inhalation / Respiration)
Which two systems must interact to produce and distribute red blood cells to the body?
Skeletal system (marrow produces them) and Circulatory system (transports them).
If a white blood cell engulfs and destroys invading bacteria, which organelle breaks down the trapped bacteria?
Lysosome
What gelatinous fluid fills the interior of the cell, suspending organelles and allowing chemical reactions to occur?
Cytoplasm
Red blood cells carry oxygen, while white blood cells fight infection. What basic biological principle explains why these cells look and act completely differently despite being in the same body?
Cell specialization (or differentiation)
Small finger-like structures called villi in the small intestine absorb nutrients into capillaries. Which two systems meet directly at the villi?
Digestive system and Circulatory system
A leaf photosynthesizes, stores water, and exchanges gases. Is a plant leaf classified as a tissue or an organ?
Organ
Why would a failure in the circulatory system cause muscle fatigue during a race?
Oxygen and glucose cannot be delivered fast enough for cellular respiration.