Vocab
What is genetics?
the study of genes and heredity
What is the definition of a mutation?
What is a punnet square used for?
To determine the possible genotype and phenotype outcomes of offspring
Name two traits you can inherit from your parents
The physical trait of an organism
phenotype
If the genotype is "Aa", will the dominant or recessive trait show?
Dominant
What is a beneficial mutation?
A mutation that benefits the organism
Complete a punnett square for the following genotypes: BB x Bb
Possible genotypes: BB(2) Bb(2)
The process of modifying an organism's DNA by introducing a new gene from another organism
Genetic engineering
The different forms of a gene
allele
Where are genes located?
Chromosomes
Would albinism in a crocodile be a harmful, beneficial, or neutral mutation? Why?
harmful- they will not be able to blend into their environment and hide from their prey
Why does a Punnet Square use capital and lowercase letters?
Capital= dominant trait
Lowercase= recessive trait
Write a genotype that is homozygous dominant
Hh
What is the definition of a dominant trait?
A trait that will appear in the offspring if one of the parents contributes that allele (A)
For some traits, only one copy of a particular gene is needed to show a given trait. These genes are referred to as-
dominant allele
What is one example of a genetic disorder and the the symptoms of it?
example: vitiligo, down syndrome, narcolepsy
Having dimples is dominant (D). Not having dimples is recessive. (d) Both parents are heterozygous for the dominant trait. What percentage of the children will NOT have dimples?
25%
a trait that is expressed only when two of the same alleles are present
recessive trait
What is the definition of selective breeding?
When humans choose what animals/plants will be bred together to reach a desired outcome.
How many chromosomes do humans have?
Give one example of each
neutral mutation, harmful mutation
neutral: birthmark
harmful: albinism, sickle cell disease, cancer
A heterozygous black cat mates with a recessive white cat. What are the possible offspring genotypes?
Bb (2) bb (2)
Two dark brown rabbits have four offspring. Three of the offspring are dark and one is white. What does this tell you about the parents' genes for fur color?
Dark brown is dominant and white fur is recessive. Both parents are heterozygous.