Vocabulary
This term refers to any molecule that carries an electrical charge
What is an ion?
This is what gives water many of its unique properties
What are 'hydrogen bonds?'
A solution with a pH of 8.3 is considered ___________
What is 'basic?'
This is the monomer form of a protein
What is an amino acid?
These biomolecules are the second-fastest source of energy and are made up of a long chain of carbons, all bound to hydrogen atoms
What are lipids?
This is a solution that gives off more hydrogen ions, compared to hydroxide ions, when dissolved in water
What is an acid?
Water molecules naturally break down into these two ions
What are 1) free hydrogen ions and 2) hydroxide ions?
This biomolecule is the fastest-burning source of energy
What are carbohydrates?
This is a solution that gives off more hydroxide ions, compared to hydrogen ions, when dissolved in water
What is a base?
This is the monomer form of a nucleic acid
What is a nucleotide?
This biomolecules always have an amino group and a carboxyl group
What are proteins?
List two examples of neutral solutions
What are pure water and vertebrate blood?
These are the three major parts that make up a single nucleotide
What are 1) a phosphate group, 2) a 5-carbon sugar, and 3) a nitrogenous base?
What are peptide bonds?
List three examples of acidic solutions
What are gastric juices, lemon juice, apple juice, vinegar, milk, Dasani water, lime juice, orange juice, tomato juice?
These are the four major biomolecules that make up all living cells
What are 1) proteins, 2) lipids, 3) carbohydrates, and 4) nucleic acids?
In your own words, explain why it is important for us to understand the effects of pH in biology
What is 'because we have to know that any chemical that is going in or on our bodies is safe and will not result in injury or death?'
Briefly explain the difference between a solution with a pH of 2 compared to a solution with a pH of 3
What is 'a solution with a pH of 2 is ten times more acidic than a solution with a pH of 3?'
This biomolecule always has a 1:2:1 ratio of Carbon:Hydrogen:Oxygen atoms
What is a carbohydrate?
On the board, draw a water molecule and label its delta charges
answer on board
Briefly describe the two functions of nucleic acids
What is 1) to store every living organism's instructions/blueprints for life and 2) to pass on these instructions to future generations?
Briefly explain the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated lipid
What is 'saturated lipids are made up of long chains of carbons, all with single bonds between carbon atoms; unsaturated lipids are made up of long chains of carbons, with at least one double bond between carbon atoms?'
List the three major biological processes that are negatively affected by changes in pH
What are 1) enzyme activity, 2) chemical properties of tissues and organs, and 3) ability of biomolecules to do their jobs?
Briefly explain the difference between ions and polar molecules
What is 'ions carry a net positive or negative electrical charge; polar molecules are neutral overall, but have weak positive and negative charges on opposite ends of the molecule?'
In your own words, explain the difference between a hypothesis, a theory, and a law
What is 'a hypothesis is a small-scale prediction that is usually based on some type of prior knowledge; a theory is a hypothesis that has been tested and supported hundreds or thousands of times by different scientists; a law is a set of observed facts and is usually associated with a mathematical equation?'