Nervous system
What are the full names of the CNS and PNS?
Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System
How many sections can the brain be broken up into?
3 (hindbrain, midbrain and forebrain)
The frontal lobe is vital for:
Thought processes, movement, memory, language.
CT stands for:
Computed tomography
Name of the key psychologist in the studies of development.
Piaget
What animals did Harlow use in his study?
Rhesus monkeys
Which bodily structure is vital to the nervous system?
Spine/spinal cord
What is the name given to the part of the brain which is the outermost layer of the brain?
Cerebral cortex
If the corpus callosum is damaged or cut, what happens?
The hemispheres can't communicate
MRI stands for:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Are the changes throughout developmental psychology permanent or reversible?
Permanent
What was the aim of Harlow's experiment?
To determine whether physical comfort was more important than the provision of food
Summarise the function of the CNS.
It is the body's processing centre, where messages are relayed from sense-receptors to the brain, and back.
What is the role of the corpus callosum?
Transmits/transports messages from the left to right hemispheres (and vice versa)
True or false: the parietal lobe is involved in memories relating to smell
True
EEG stands for:
Electroencephalograph
How many lifespan stages are there?
6
Which was Harlow's focus point - emotional or social development?
Emotional development
What are some physiological processes regulated by the autonomic system?
Heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion, arousal
What are the dominant functions of the left and right hemispheres?
Right = creative, intuitive, emotional
Left = logical, analytical, rational thought
What is the primary function of the parietal lobe?
Sensory perception and integration e.g., smell, taste, etc.
fMRI stands for:
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
What does cognitive development refer to?
perception, language, memory, problem solving, reasoning, learning, information processing, and other aspects of brain development
What was a main finding from Harlow's study?
That contact comfort is important in the development of attachment and emotions
What are the two branches of the autonomic system?
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
Name the different lobes of the brain.
Occipital, frontal, temporal, parietal
The occipital lobe is responsible for:
Visual perception and processing visual stimuli
A CT scan does what?
An X-ray which creates a cross-sectional image of the brain
What are Piaget's four stages?
Sensori-motor, pre-operational, concrete operational, formal operational
What is a critical period?
A lifespan stage where a human is more sensitive to environmental influences and normal development relies on particular life experiences
Fight-or-flight belongs to what system?
Sympathetic/autonomic
What structure is vital for the communication between the brain and the spinal cord?
Brain stem
What happened to Phineas Gage?
A pole went through his frontal lobe, and he consequently had an entire personality change
An EEG does what?
Detects, amplifies and records brain waves
Taking in new experiences and applying to past experiences is known as:
Assimilation
What is the evolutionary perspective of Bowlby's theory?
That attachment is a vital element of human survival; attachment is formed as a survival technique
If you touch something hot and immediately remove your hand, which nervous system has engaged?
PNS/somatic
Name one of the structures of the hindbrain:
Cerebellum, pons, medulla
Roger Sperry's studies investigated what?
Split brain
An MRI does what?
Uses strong magnetic fields and radiofrequency pulses to produce images of the brain
Changing previous knowledge to fit new experiences is known as:
Accommodation
What are the three types of attachment that came from Ainsworth's strange situation experiment?
Insecure avoidant; secure; insecure resistant/anxious
What is the type of neuron is sent from the brain to muscles?
Motor neuron
Where is the parietal lobe located?
What is the best way to remember the placement and function of the temporal lobe?
Temporal lobe is near your temples. Nearby and beneath your temples are your ears = recognising and understanding language after HEARING it with your ears.
How is an MRI and fMRI different?
MRI shows structures of the brain; fMRI shows functions of structures of the brain
The concept of egocentrism belongs to which Piagetian stage?
Pre-operational
What was Bowlby's monotropic theory?
That there is a biological need for babies to form an attachment with one main caregiver
Depressants (e.g., alcohol and cannabis) do what to the CNS?
Slow down the rate at which messages are sent through the CNS
The 'little brain' or 'mini brain' is also known as:
cerebellum
Damage to the temporal lobe can result in:
Difficulty in understanding words; Wernicke's aphasia
What is a limitation of a CT scan?
It doesn't show functions/disfunctions of the brain, just the structures
What are some physical developments seen from ages newborn to 2?
Sitting, crawling, standing, walking
What was the IV and DV of the strange situation?
IV = mother and stranger leaving the room
DV = the behaviour of the child
Explain the difference between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
Somatic system is involved with conscious activities. Autonomic is involved with unconscious activities.
Somatic is sensory AND motor; autonomic is just motor.
Somatic involves muscles and movement; autonomic involves internal organs and glands.
What is the brain made of?
60% fat; 40% water/proteins/carbohydrates/salt
Aphasia effects the brain, specifically the ability to do what?
Communicate
Which method is the best/most accurate?
fMRI
Approximately how many words can be in a 2-3 year olds vocabulary?
up to 500
For the cross-cultural patterns of the strange situation experiment, what was the most common attachment type across both Western and Eastern countries?
Type B = secure attachment