What is Life?
This type of reproduction requires only one parent.
What is asexual reproduction?
This subatomic particle has a negative charge and is found outside the nucleus of an atom.
What is an electron?
These compounds consist of carbon and hydrogen and can form straight chains, branched chains, or rings.
What are hydrocarbons?
This type of covalent bond forms between two monosaccharides during a dehydration reaction.
What is a glycosidic linkage?
These are the three major types of lipids.
What are fats (triglycerides), steroids, and phospholipids?
These are the five characteristics that all living things share.
What are cellular organization, metabolism, response to stimuli, reproduction, and the ability to evolve?
This type of chemical bond forms when two atoms share electrons.
What is a covalent bond?
These molecular fragments attach to carbon backbones and give organic compounds their specific chemical properties.
What are functional groups?
This highly branched polysaccharide is used by animals for energy storage.
What is glycogen?
This type of lipid consists of three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule and is primarily used for energy storage.
What is a triglyceride?
Arrange the following levels of biological organization from smallest to largest: organ, cell, organism, tissue, organ system.
What are cell → tissue → organ → organ system → organism?
This term refers to an ATOM with a positive charge.
A scientist identifies an unknown molecule containing both an amino group (-NH₂) and a carboxyl group (-COOH). Based on these functional groups, the molecule is most likely a building block of this type of macromolecule.
What are proteins?
These three elements make up carbohydrates. Also provide the ratio.
What are carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, 1:2:1?
During the formation of a triglyceride, three fatty acids are joined to a glycerol molecule through dehydration reactions. This type of covalent bond forms between the glycerol and each fatty acid.
What is an ester linkage?
A population of organisms experiences environmental changes over many generations. Individuals with certain inherited characteristics become more common in the population. Which characteristic of life does this demonstrate?
What is the ability to evolve?
This type of covalent bonding is responsible for unequal charges.
What is polar covalent bonding?
A scientist observes that a large biological molecule is being broken down into smaller subunits through the addition of water. Identify the chemical process occurring and explain how it differs from the process used to build the original molecule.
What is hydrolysis? Hydrolysis breaks polymers into smaller subunits by adding water, whereas dehydration synthesis joins monomers together by removing water and forming covalent bonds.
This is the polysaccharide that provides structural support in bacterial cell walls.
What is peptidoglycan?
A scientist examines two fatty acids. Fatty acid A contains only single bonds between its carbon atoms, while Fatty Acid B contains two carbon-carbon double bonds. Identify which fatty acid is saturated and which is unsaturated.
What is that Fatty Acid A is saturated and Fatty Acid B is unsaturated?
A scientist discovers an organism that consists of multiple cells. These cells work together to form tissues, organs, and organ systems. Identify the characteristic of life demonstrated by this.
What is cellular organization?
A scientist places a nonpolar molecule into water and observes that it does not dissolve or interact easily with the water molecules. Identify the term used to describe this molecule.
What is a hydrophobic molecule?
List out all of the functional groups and their chemical formulas.
A scientist discovers a mutation that prevents cells from producing glycoproteins on their outer surfaces. Explain how this mutation could affect the cells.
What is that glycoproteins are essential for cell-cell recognition and signaling? Without these molecules, cells may have difficulty identifying other cells as part of the body and communicating with one another.
What is amphipathic? Phospholipids had polar heads that face the surrounding water, while their nonpolar fatty acid tails face inward toward one another, away from the water.