Plate tectonics
Two out of four of Alfred Wegener's pieces of evidence for plate tectonics.
What are:
-faunal (fossil) distributions
-Matching rock types
-Edges of continents
-Glacial records
Earthquakes primarily occur at these.
What are plate boundaries (or Wadati-Benioff zones)?
Two types of streams
Term for the pattern in which a mineral will break.
What is cleavage?
Two atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.
What are isotopes?
Using sound waves to figure out the depth of the ocean floor is this method.
What is sonar?
This property makes a volcano more explosive.
What is felsic (or higher silica content)?
Two bodies that cause tides on Earth.
What are the sun and the moon?
Environment that Iowa's limestone formed in.
Percentage of daughter material present after 2 half-lives.
What is 75%?
The denser of the types of crust.
What is oceanic crust?
Scientists use these to study the Earth's interior.
What are seismic waves?
Type of weathering that causes karst topography (caves and sinkholes)
What is dissolution?
Term for the rock that exists before metamorphism occurs (parent rock).
Principle that describes how today's geologic processes can help us understand Earth's history (the present is the key to the past)
What is the principle of uniformitarianism?
The age of the oldest ocean crust found on the planet.
What is 200 million years old?
Seismic waves that cannot move through liquid
What are S waves?
A stream that sits above the water table.
What is a losing stream?
Likely texture of an igneous rock that formed intrusively.
What is phaneritic?
Two (of the five) rock rules for relative dating
What are:
-Superposition
-Inclusions
-Cross cutting relationships
-Original horizontality
-Lateral continuity
Plate boundary with linear offsets and shallow earthquakes.
What is a transform boundary?
Type of plate boundary that Mt. Rainier is associated with.
What is a convergent boundary?
Geologic process that results from waves coming in at an angle and moving sediment parallel to the shoreline.
What is longshore drift?
Type of pressure during metamorphism that results in foliation.
What is directed/differential pressure?
The order that the three types of fossils occur in the fossil record.
What is chemical, trace, body?