Chapter 1
Evaluate each of the following:
a. 4 x (-8) =
b. -12 - 48 =
c. -168 / -4 =
a. -32
b. -60
c. 42
Write the abbreviation for each of the following units:
a. milligram
b. deciliter
c. kilometer
d. picogram
a. mg
b. dL
c. km
d. pg
Classify each of the following as an element, a compound, or a mixture:
a. carbon in pencils
b. carbon monoxide (CO) in automobile exhaust
c. orange juice
a. element
b. compound
c. mixture
Identify each of the following as solid, liquid, or gas:
a. vitamin tablets in a bottle
b. helium in a balloon
c. milk in a bottle
d. the air you breathe
e. charcoal briquettes on a barbecue
a. solid
b. gas
c. liquid
d. gas
e. solid
Give the group and period number for each of the following elements:
a. bromine
b. argon
c. lithium
d. radium
a. Group 7a (17), Period 4
b. Group 8A (18), Period 3
c. Group 1A (1), Period 2
d. Group 2A (2), Period 7
A bag of gumdrops contains 16 orange gumdrops, 8 yellow gumdrops, and 16 black gumdrops.
a. What is the percentage of yellow gumdrops? Express your answer to the ones place.
b. What is the percentage of black gumdrops? Express your answer to the ones place.
a. 20%
b. 40%
How many significant figures are in each of the following?
a. 11.0005 g
b. 0.000 32 m
c. 36 000 000 km
d. 0.8250 L
e. 30.0°C
a. 6
b. 2
c. 2
d. 4
e. 3
Classify each of the following mixtures as homogeneous or heterogeneous:
a. hot fudge sundae
b. herbal tea (leaves removed)
c. vegetable oil
a. heterogeneous
b. homogeneous
c. homogeneous
Identify each of the following as a physical or chemical change:
a. A plant grows a new leaf.
b. Chocolate is melted for dessert.
c. Wood is chopped for the fireplace.
d. Wood burns in a woodstove.
a. chemical
b. physical
c. physical
d. chemical
Indicate if each of the following statements is true or false:
a. The proton is a negatively charged particle.
b. The neutron is 2000 times as heavy as a proton.
c. The atomic mass unit is based on a carbon atom with six protons and six neutrons.
d. The electrons are located outside the nucleus.
a. false
b. false
c. true
d. true
Solve each of the following for x:
a. 2x + 5 = 41
b. 5x / 3 = 40
a. 18
b. 24
Perform each of the following calculations and give an answer with the correct number of significant figures:
a. 45.7 x 0.034
b. 0.00278 x 5
c. (0.2465)(25) / 1.78
a. 1.6
b. 0.01
c. 3.5
What is -15°F in degrees Celsius and in kelvins?
-26°C
247 K
Calculate the heat change at 0°C for the following, and indicate whether heat was absorbed/released:
Joules to melt 17.0 g of ice
5680 J absorbed
For the following atoms, give the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons:
a. 114Cd48
b. 98Tc43
c. 199Au79
d. 22Rn86
e. 136Xe54
a. 48p, 66n, 48e
b. 43p, 55n, 43e
c. 79p, 120n, 79e
d. 86p, 136n, 86e
e. 54p, 82n, 54e
Write each of the following in scientific notation:
a. 120 000
b. 0.000 000 34
a. 1.2 x 105
b. 3.4 x 10-7
Determine the density (g/mL) for the following:
A 20.0-mL sample of a salt solution has a mass of 24.0g
1.20 g/mL
Indicate whether each of the following statements describes potential of kinetic energy:
a. water at the top of a waterfall
b. kicking a ball
c. the energy in a lump of coal
d. a skier at the top of a hill
a. potential
b. kinetic
c. potential
d. potential
Using the energy values for foods, determine each of the following (round off the answer for each food type to the tens place):
the total kJ for one cup of orange juice that contains 26 g of carbohydrate, no fat, and 2 g of protein
470 kJ
Two isotopes of gallium are naturally occurring, with at 60.11% (68.93 amu) and at 39.89% (70.92 amu). Calculate the atomic mass for gallium using the weighted average mass method.
69.72
Write each of the following in scientific notation:
a. 0.0042
b. 310
a. 4.2 x 10-3
b. 3.1 x 102
During a workout at the gym, you set the treadmill at a pace of 55.0 m/min. How many minutes will you walk if you cover a distance of 7500 ft?
42 min
Use the heat equation to calculate the energy, in joules, for each of the following:
to heat 25.0 g of water from 12.5°C to 25.7°C (specific heat of H2O = 4.184 J/g°C)
1380 J
A 0.50-g sample of vegetable oil is placed in a calorimeter. When the sample is burned, 18.9 kJ is given off. What is the energy value (kcal/g) for the oil?
9.0 kcal/g
Describe the shape of each of the following orbitals:
a. 1s
b. 2p
c. 5s
a. spherical
b. two lobes
c. spherical