East Asia
This dynasty ruled China from 960–1279 and relied heavily on Confucian traditions and an imperial bureaucracy.
What is the Song Dynasty?
This major Islamic caliphate weakened and fragmented after centuries of rule centered in Baghdad.
What is the Abbasid Caliphate?
This major South Asian religion remained influential alongside Buddhism and Islam.
What is Hinduism?
This powerful civilization established its capital at Tenochtitlan in central Mexico.
Who are the Mexica/Aztecs?
This religion remained the dominant religious influence throughout most of medieval Europe.
What is Christianity?
This Confucian value emphasized respect and obedience toward parents and ancestors.
What is filial piety?
Many of the new Islamic states that emerged after Abbasid decline were ruled by peoples from this ethnic group.
Who are the Turks?
This Hindu devotional movement emphasized a personal and emotional relationship with a deity.
What is the Bhakti movement?
This civilization built a large empire centered in the Andes Mountains of South America.
Who are the Inca?
Medieval European agriculture depended heavily on these peasants who were legally tied to the land.
Who are serfs?
This fast-ripening crop from Southeast Asia helped increase food production and population in Song China.
What is Champa rice?
These Muslim mystics helped spread Islam through teaching, missionary activity, and personal religious devotion.
Who are the Sufis?
This Hindu empire emerged in southern India and resisted Muslim expansion from the north.
What is the Vijayanagara Empire?
This African state is famous for massive stone structures that demonstrated its political and economic power.
What is Great Zimbabwe?
This political system was based on relationships between monarchs, nobles, and warriors exchanging land or protection for loyalty and service.
What is feudalism?
Song rulers selected many government officials through this system based on knowledge of Confucian texts.
What is the civil service examination system?
This Muslim-ruled state established Islamic political control over much of northern India.
What is the Delhi Sultanate?
This Southeast Asian empire centered on Java became a powerful Hindu-Buddhist trading state.
What is the Majapahit Empire?
This Christian kingdom in East Africa maintained an ancient Christian tradition despite being surrounded increasingly by Muslim societies.
What is Ethiopia?
The economic and social system centered around self-sufficient agricultural estates was known by this name.
What is the manorial system?
Expansion of this transportation network helped connect agricultural regions with Chinese cities and encouraged greater commercialization.
What is the Grand Canal?
Muslim scholars preserved and wrote commentaries on the works of philosophers from this ancient civilization, helping transmit their ideas.
What is Ancient Greece?
The blending of Hindu, Buddhist, and Islamic traditions in South and Southeast Asia is an example of this process.
What is cultural syncretism?
This network of independent city-states in West Africa became important centers of regional trade and Islamic learning.
What are the Hausa kingdoms?
Unlike Song China, which maintained a centralized imperial bureaucracy, Europe from 1200–1450 was generally characterized by this political condition.
What is political decentralization/fragmentation?