CJ System & Policy
This philosophy of justice seeks to discourage people from committing crimes by making punishment a negative consequence.
What is deterrence?
A crime that is considered wrong in itself, such as murder or rape, rather than simply being prohibited by law.
What is mala in se?
This policing approach emphasizes partnerships between police and the community to identify and solve problems.
What is community policing?
This Supreme Court case established that evidence obtained through an unconstitutional search generally cannot be used in state criminal trials.
What is Mapp v. Ohio?
This term describes an act that is considered wrong because it violates a law, even though the act itself may not be inherently immoral.
What is mala prohibita?
This philosophy focuses on changing an offender's behavior so they can successfully return to society.
What is rehabilitation?
This Latin term refers to the criminal act or physical component of a crime.
What is actus reus?
This term describes the informal code among some police officers not to report or testify against fellow officers' misconduct.
What is the blue wall of silence?
This Supreme Court case established that police must generally inform suspects of certain constitutional rights before conducting a custodial interrogation.
What is Miranda v. Arizona?
A crime punishable by imprisonment for more than one year, typically in a state or federal prison.
What is a felony?
This philosophy argues that offenders deserve punishment because they committed a crime and should receive a punishment proportional to the offense.
What is retribution/just deserts?
This Latin term refers to the guilty mind or criminal intent required for many crimes.
What is mens rea?
This is the level of proof generally required before an officer can make a traffic stop.
What is reasonable suspicion?
This case established that a person has the right to an attorney in serious criminal cases even if they cannot afford one.
What is Gideon v. Wainwright?
A less serious criminal offense generally punishable by less than one year in jail.
What is a misdemeanor?
These are the three major ways researchers measure crime: official statistics, self-report statistics, and this type of study that asks people whether they have been victims of crime.
What are victimization studies?
This type of law defines crimes and establishes the rights and responsibilities of individuals, while this other type governs how the legal system processes cases.
What are substantive law and procedural law?
This is the level of proof generally required for an arrest when an officer has sufficient facts to believe a person committed a crime.
What is probable cause?
This Supreme Court case established that police may briefly stop and frisk a person when they have reasonable suspicion that criminal activity is occurring and that the person may be armed and dangerous.
What is Terry v. Ohio?
This term refers to the evidence that a specific crime actually occurred.
What is corpus delicti?
Unlike law, which establishes legally enforceable rules, this refers to a plan or course of action adopted by a government or organization to address an issue.
What is policy?
This principle means that everyone, including government officials, is subject to and must follow the law.
What is the rule of law?
This policing strategy uses information and analysis about crime and offenders to guide police decision-making and resource allocation.
What is intelligence-led policing?
This document consists of the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution and protects several individual rights and liberties from government interference.
What is the Bill of Rights?
This term refers to the use of laws, rules, and other methods by society to influence people's behavior and maintain order.
What is social control?