Primary vs Secondary Source
A first-hand account created during the time period being studied. The author witnessed or experienced the event.
What is the scientific method
A systematic, logical way of seeking truth through experimentation and mathematical verification.
What is Natural Law
A universal philosophy suggesting that objective moral principles and justice are inherent in nature and can be understood through reason.
What is the Stamp Act (1765)
Taxed all printed materials. Led to the formation of the Sons of Liberty and the slogan "No taxation without representation!"
Severe Debt and High Taxes, Famine, Enlightenment Influence and Inequality.
What is a Secondary Source
A second-hand account written after the time period, often analyzing primary sources.
Invention that created easier access to information.
Printing Press
What is natural rights
Basic freedoms and liberties (such as life and liberty) that all people possess from birth; these are considered unalienable and should not be affected by the government.
What is Mercantilsm
The theory that a country increases wealth and power through a favorable balance of trade.
Storming of the Bastille (July 14, 1789)
An angry mob seized a medieval fortress/prison, a symbol of royal tyranny. This signaled the start of the revolution.
What is Reliability
The quality of being dependable, trustworthy, and consistent in performance or results
Who created the inductive method
Francis Bacon
An agreement between citizens and the government. Individuals give up certain absolute freedoms in exchange for living in an organized society protected by the government.
What was the Navigation acts (1651-1696)
Forced colonists to trade exclusively with Great Britain using British ships.
September Massacres (1792)
Mobs executed over 1,200 prisoners, including priests, fearing they would join foreign armies against the revolution.
What is a Bias
The quality of being dependable, trustworthy, and consistent in performance or results
Who emphasized deductive reasoning
Rene Descartes
Who wrote "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman" which Challenged the "free and equal" slogan as inaccurate.
Mary Wollstonecraft
what was the Intolerable Acts (1774)
Punitive laws that closed Boston harbor and expanded the Quartering Act (housing soldiers in private homes).
Reign of Terror (1793–1794)
Led by Maximilien Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety. Approximately 16,000 people were guillotined to "protect the virtue" of the nation.
What kind of source is a newspaper article?
It can be both
example:
Who wrote On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Orbs (1543), overturning medieval views. (Heliocentric)
Nicolaus Copernicus
Who Believed people were corrupted by society; individual interests should be secondary to the "general will."
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
What was common sense and who wrote it
A pamphlet by Thomas Paine that argued it was "common sense" for the colonies to separate from Britain.
Napoleonic Code
A lasting achievement that forbade birthright privilege, granted religious freedom, and established merit-based government jobs.