The Renaissance
What is the Renaissance?
-The cultural rebirth of Europe
-The revival of classical ideas from Greece and Rome
The man responsible for starting the Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther
What did the heliocentric theory prove?
BONUS 100: Who is responsible for the heliocentric theory?
That the Sun is the center of the universe; Earth revolves around the Sun
Bonus: Nicolaus Copernicus
Who believed that man is born equal with natural rights and it's the government's job to protect those rights?
John Locke
Which institution was challenged throughout each of these movements?
The Catholic Church
Where did the Renaissance start?
BONUS 100: Provide a reason why it started there
Italy
Bonus: Hub of the Mediterranean world; Trade networks; Scholars coming from Constantinople; Patronage of the arts
List three of the main causes of the Protestant Reformation
1. Sale of indulgences
2. Corruption of the Church
3. Nepotism
How did Galileo Galilei contribute to the Scientific Revolution?
He used a telescope to observe the planets; Confirmed the heliocentric theory
This man supported freedom of speech, religious tolerance, and a limited government
Voltaire
This man created a strict theocracy in Switzerland.
BONUS 50: What is the name of his religion?
John Calvin
Bonus: Calvinism
A philosophy that emphasizes human achievement, ability, and education
Humanism
List three effects of the Protestant Reformation
1. The end of religious unity
2. Decline of the Catholic Church
3. More sects of Christianity
4. Conflict between Protestants and Catholics
An English mathematician who discovered the law of universal gravity, as well as laws on natural physics
Isaac Newton
Who developed the theory of "separation of powers" in order to prevent tyranny in government?
Montesquieu
What are natural rights?
BONUS 100: Provide an example of natural rights
Inherent rights that people are born with, and they cannot be taken away.
Bonus: Life, liberty, pursuit of happiness
List ANY three famous figures during the Renaissance and what their expertise was.
Answers will vary
Who is Henry VIII, and how did he contribute to the Protestant Reformation?
King of England; He created his own Church (Church of England) to break away from the Pope
A process used to investigate questions through observation, experimentation, and evidence.
BONUS 100: List the 5 main steps of this process
The Scientific Method
Bonus:
Ask a question
Form a hypothesis
Test through experiments
Analyze results
Draw conclusions
This man developed the "social contract" theory that stated individuals mutually agree to give up certain rights to maintain peace and order.
BONUS 50: Which Enlightenment thinker would NOT agree with this?
Thomas Hobbes
Bonus: John Locke
Why did Henry VIII create his own church?
The Pope would not grant him a divorce
This invention allowed books to be mass-produced quickly and cheaply
BONUS 100: Who invented it?
The printing press
Bonus: Johannes Gutenberg
Why is the Protestant Reformation a turning point in history?
It led to the Enlightenment; Caused the decline of the Catholic church; Ended religious unity
Why were the ideas developed during the Scientific Revolution controversial?
They went against the Church/what is taught in the Bible
This important historical document was inspired by the Enlightenment and John Locke's ideas, specifically.
BONUS 50: What major historical event occurred because of this?
Declaration of Independence
Bonus: American Revolution
What is vernacular in regard to the Protestant Reformation?
The change from Latin to everyday/native languages