Unit 2

Mitosis

100

Describe what happens in anaphase.

During anaphase, the spindle fibers contract, which pulls the sister chromatids apart.

200

In what phase does cytokinesis begin?

Telophase.

300

List all the processes of mitosis in correct order.

1. Interphase

2. Prophase

3. Metaphase

4. Anaphase 

5.Telophase

6. Cytokinesis

400

In what phase does DNA replication take place?

Interphase

DNA Replication

100

True or False: DNA polymerase reads 5'->3', and adds DNA 3'->5'

False; DNA polymerase reads 3'-> 5', and adds 5'->3'

200

What is a "nick" in DNA Polymerase, and how do we fix it?

A "nick" is like a gap in the DNA molecule that lacks a phosphodiester bond between two nucleotides. A "nick" can be fixed by DNA ligase sealing the nick. 

300

True or False: Exonuclease gets rid of nucleic acid. 

True

400

What is the cause of Okazaki fragments and how do we get rid of them?

Cause: discontinuous replication

How to get rid of them: make DNA polymerase to read both ways

Transcription

100

Where does transcription start and where does it end?

Starts: Promotor

Ends: Terminator

200

True or False: Repressors increase gene expression and activators decrease gene expression.

False; Repressors decrease gene expression and activators increase gene expression.

300

Splicing is the removal of .... by spliceosomes. 

introns

400

What are the 4 steps of translation in a prokaryote?

1. Sigma and RNA polymerase bind to the promotor.

2. Extension of mRNA by RNA polymerase and release of sigma. 

3. Termination of Transcription.

Sigma rebinds to RNA polymerase.

Translation

100

What are the three things involved in transcription?

1. mRNA

2. tRNA

3.ribsomes

200

If there is an amino acid at the acceptor site, then it is...

charged.

300

True or False: In the termination step of translation, there are many tRNAs for the stop codons.

False; There are NO tRNAs for the stop codon.

400

Give two examples of a stop codon.

5'- UAG - 3'

5'- UGA- 3'

Gene Expression

100

What is gene expression?

Gene expression is when a gene results in RNA that is useful. 

200

What does it mean for a protein to be polyubiquitinylated?

The protein is escorted to the lysosome in order to be degraded.

300

True or False: If lactose is present, then allolactose is also present. 

True.

400

An operon is a cluster of ...that code for ...that accomplish one task. 

genes; proteins