Water
Water molecules are held together by what type of bond between different water molecules?
Hydrogen bonds.
What is the monomer, or building block, of a carbohydrate?
A monosaccharide.
Fats and oils
What is the monomer, or building block, of a protein?
An amino acid.
What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?
A nucleotide.
What property of water describes the attraction between water molecules?
Cohesion.
What is the main function of carbohydrates in the body?
Providing short-term or quick energy.
What is one major function of lipids?
Long-term energy storage.
What polymer is formed when amino acids are linked together?
A polypeptide.
Name the two nucleic acids found in living organisms.
DNA and RNA.
What property of water describes its attraction to other types of molecules?
Adhesion
What are the three levels of carbohydrate structure from smallest to largest?
Monosaccharide → disaccharide → polysaccharide.
A triglyceride contains a glycerol backbone and how many fatty acid chains?
Three fatty acid chains.
Name two functions of proteins in living organisms.
building muscles and tissues, creating enzymes, organizing DNA, or transmitting messages.
What is the primary function of nucleic acids?
Carrying genetic information.
Water has a high specific heat capacity. What does this mean?
It takes a lot of energy to raise the temperature of water, so water can help maintain a stable temperature.
What three elements make up carbohydrates?
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (C, H, O
What type of lipid makes up much of the cell membrane?
Phospholipids.
Which four elements are listed in your notes as making up proteins?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (C, H, O, N).
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
A phosphate group, a 5-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
Ice floats on liquid water. Why is this unusual property of water important for aquatic organisms?
Ice is less dense than liquid water, so it floats and forms an insulating layer. This prevents entire bodies of water from freezing solid, allowing organisms underneath the ice to survive.
A molecule is made up of many glucose molecules joined together. What type of carbohydrate is it?
A polysaccharide
A phospholipid has a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails. What does each term mean?
Hydrophilic means attracted to water; hydrophobic means repelled by or not attracted to water.
An enzyme is a type of protein. What does an enzyme do in a chemical reaction?
It speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.
Name the four types of nucleotides found in DNA.
Thymine, Cytosine, Adenine, Guanine