Vocab
the intentional use of redistricting to benefit interest groups of voter
Gerrymandering
judicial review
Marbury v. Madison
candidate must be how old to run for president?
35
using unlimited debate with the intention of talking a bill to death, delay a motion or postpone action.
Filibuster
Amendment used in Shaw v. Reno
14th Amendment
institutional advantages helf by those already in office who are trying to fend off challengers in an election
Incumbency advantage
requests files and records from the lower court
Writ of certiorari
Two term limit
22nd amendment
a strategy where the president promotes himself and his policies in Washington by appealing directly to the people for support
going public
Clause used in Baker v Carr
Equal Protection Clause
spending for programs and policies at the discretion of Congress and the president
Discretionary spending
the court has the authority to appeal the jurisdiction of another court
appellate jurisdiction
appeal to the public to pressure other branches of government to support their policies
Bully pulpit
an executive office that aids president in setting spending agenda
Office of Management and Budget
confers citizenship to any person born within the borders of the United States. Provided by the Fourteenth Amendment
Jus Soli
President and vice president elected together
Twelfth amendment
sets up court system in the order of district, court of appeals, and supreme court
Judiciary act of 1789
Acts as chief executive, chief legislator, commander in chief, and unofficial party leader
president
members of congress bring underrepresented issues to the attention of the legislative agenda
substantive representation
an order compelling a government official to perform a mandatory duty they are legally required to do
writ of mandamus
deficit
Claims the judicial branch is the weakest and supports an independent judiciary
Federalist 78
Supports single, energetic executive
Temporary House-Senate committee whose goal is to find a compromise on conflicting versions of a bill
conference committees
coordinated and mutually beneficial activities of the bureaucracy, Congress, and interest groups to achieve shared policy goals
Iron triangle