Organelle Functions
Known as the powerhouse of the cell because it generates ATP energy.
What is the mitochondria?
Unlike eukaryotes, these simple cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
What are prokaryotes?
This is the longest phase of the cell cycle which is 90% of the cell's life
What is interphase
The correct sequential order of the four main stages of mitosis.
What is Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase / PMAT?
Unspecialized cells that have the ability to differentiate into specialized cell types.
What are stem cells?
These small organelles make proteins for the cell.
What are ribosomes?
Two cell structures found in plant cells but absent in animal cells.
What are chloroplasts and the cell wall?
During this specific sub-phase of interphase, the cell synthesizes/replicates its DNA.
What is the S phase?
During this phase, chromosomes line up along the middle equator of the cell.
What is Metaphase
These specialized animal cells have a long, branching structure designed to send electrical impulses quickly throughout the body.
What are neurons (or nerve cells)?
This organelle acts as the cell's waste disposal and recycling center.
What is a lysosome?
This part of a phospholipid is hydrophobic (water-fearing).
What are the fatty acid tails?
The "loose," uncoiled spaghetti-like state of DNA present during interphase.
What is chromatin?
These structures attach to centromeres and pull sister chromatids to opposite poles.
What are spindle fibers?
Multicellular organisms develop specialized cell types with unique roles through this process.
What is gene expression
This organelle modifies, packages, and ships cell products.
What is the Golgi apparatus?
These membrane structures allow large molecules like glucose to enter the cell.
What are protein channels?
If a parent cell with 64 chromosomes undergoes mitosis, each daughter cell will have this many.
What is 64?
In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs when the cell membrane pinches inward to form this ring-like indentation.
What is a cleavage furrow?
These specialized human blood cells lack a nucleus when mature, creating a shape optimized for carrying oxygen.
What are red blood cells?
This organelle functions in lipid synthesis and cell detoxification.
What is the Smooth ER?
These carbohydrate structures on the outer membrane surface function in cell identification.
What are carbohydrate chains?
What are the 3 phases of interphase and what happens during each phase?
G1
S
G2
Uncontrolled cell division caused by a breakdown in cell cycle regulation.
What is cancer?
Vascular plant tissue responsible for transporting water upward from the roots.
What is xylem?