Tissue Types
what is general term for tissue that covers body surfaces, lines cavities, and forms glands?
epithelial tissue
epithelium consisting of a single layer of cells
simple epithelium
what are the two proteins that interact to produce muscle contraction?
actin and myosin
the pigment produced by melanocytes that helps protect skin cells from UV radiation
melanin
bone cells that build new bone matrix
osteoblasts
which three embryonic germ layers give rise to the body's tissues?
what are ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
thin, flat epithelial tissue that allows for rapid diffusion and lines blood vessels
simple squamous epithelium
this type of muscle tissue is striated, voluntary, and typically has multiple nuclei per cell
skeletal muscle
deepest epidermal layer where new keratinocytes are produced
stratum basale
mineral component of bone that provides hardness and resistance to compression
hydroxyapatite
this connective tissue contains loosely arranged fibers that support the framework in lymphatic organs
reticular connective tissue
what type of cartilage provides support and resists compression in intervertebral discs?
fibrocartilage
what specialized structures connect cardiac muscle cells and help coordinate their activity?
intercalated discs
which dermal layer contains dense irregular connective tissue, collagen, blood vessels, nerves, and hair follicles?
reticular layer
during fracture healing, what forms after the hematoma and bridges the broken bone with new bone tissue
hard/bony callus
what type of connective tissue has densely packed collagen fibers arranged in bundles in multiple directions, allowing it to withstand stress from different angles?
dense irregular connective tissue
how does epithelial tissue receive nutrients from the underlying connective tissue?
diffusion across the basement membrane
unlike neurons, these nervous system cells primarily support, protect, and maintain the nervous tissue
glial cells
a patient has bluish skin discoloration associated with inadequate oxygenation of the blood. what is this condition called?
cyanosis
blood calcium levels fall - which hormone is released and what is the overall effect on blood calcium?
PTH (parathyroid hormone) - raises blood calcium
a tissue needs to be both strong and have the ability to stretch. which to fiber types provide these properties?
collagen and elastic fibers
tendons need to withstand strong pulling forces in one direction. which connective tissue fiber arrangement makes this possible?
dense regular - parallel fibers
this muscle tissue can depolarize spontaneously without an axon synapse
which two layers make up the hair shaft, excluding its central medulla?
cuticle and cortex
what type of abnormal bone formation occurs in soft tissues, often following chronic irritation or repeated strain?