Atoms
Properties of Matter
States of Matter
Nature of Science
MISC
100
What is the smallest unit of matter?
Atom
100
A student is trying to identify an unknown liquid by examining its color, mass, volume, and boiling point. Which of these physical properties would be most useful for identifying the unknown liquid? And why?
Boiling point: that property is independent of the sample size of the liquid. All the other properties mentioned are dependent on the size of the liquid.
100
What is another way to describe a substance's temperature in terms of its particles?
The average kinetic energy of the particles.
100
What word comes to mind when thinking about the word "theory?"
Explains
100
What organelle controls which substances enter and leave a cell?
Cell-membrane
200
What subatomic particles make up an atom's mass, and where are they located?
Nucleus; Protons & Neutrons
200
Vegetable oil has a density of 0.92 g/cm³. An object has a mass of 24 g and a volume of 20 cm³. What will happen when the object is placed into the vegetable oil? And why?
The object will sink because it is more dense than vegetable oil.
200
Describe how the particles in a gas look and how they move.
Particles in a gas are spread very far apart and move freely.
200
How do theories change or get modified over time?
New evidence/data
200
A soccer ball is rolling in a straight line when a player kicks it from the side. What type of force causes the ball’s motion to change?
Unbalanced force
300
What determines the identity of an atom?
# of protons
300
What property of matter can help someone separate sand, salt, and cobalt?
Magnetism
300
In which state of matter are particles loosely packed together but able to slide past one another?
Liquid
300
What words can help identify the variables on a graph, and what do they mean?
DRY - Dependent variable on the y-axis
MIX - Independent variable on the x-axis
300
A roller coaster is sitting at the top of a hill before beginning its descent. What type of energy does it have because of its position?
Potential energy
400
What are the two subatomic particles found in the nucleus?
Protons & Electrons
400
What is the difference between mass and weight?
Mass doesn't change. Weight changes; depends on gravity.
400
How do the particles in a solid look, and how do they move?
Particles are tightly together, and they vibrate in fixed positions.
400
A group of students performs an experiment several times and gets similar results. Later, a different group of students follows the same procedures and gets similar results. What scientific process did the second group perform?
Replication
400
What type of organism makes its own food and provides the original source of energy for consumers in a food web?
Producer
500
What makes an atom's charge neutral?
# of protons equal # of electrons
500
Name the 5 independent and 5 dependent properties of matter?
Independent - density, melting/boiling point, magnetism, solubility, & conductivity
Dependent - mass, volume, length/width, height, & shape
500
How does removing energy from a liquid affect the motion of its particles?
The particles slow down and the distance between them decreases.
500
A student creates the following hypothesis:
If the amount of sunlight a tomato plant receives each day increases, then the height of the plant will increase.
What is the independent variable in this hypothesis?
The amount of sunlight the plant receives each day.
500
Warm air rises while cooler air sinks, creating a circular movement of air. What type of heat transfer is occurring?
Convection
600
What are the subatomic particles and their charges?
Proton - positive
Electron - negative
Neutron - No charge/neutral
600
6.4 g/cm3
600
Three substances are placed in sunlight, causing their temperatures to increase. What happens to the motion and kinetic energy of the particles as the substances get warmer?
The particles gain kinetic energy and move faster.
600
A student wants to determine whether water temperature affects how quickly sugar dissolves. One cup contains 100 mL of cold water and 5 g of sugar. Another contains 200 mL of hot water and 5 g of sugar. Why can the student not determine whether temperature caused the difference?
He changed two things. The amount of water and the temperature of water.
600
An organism has two different alleles for a particular trait, such as Bb. What term describes this genotype?
Heterozygous
700
The element gold (Au) has 79 protons. How many electrons does gold have?
Gold has 79 electrons because the number of protons equals the number of electrons.
700
Block X and Block Y have the same mass. When placed in water, Block X floats while Block Y sinks. What can you conclude about the volumes of the two blocks?
Block X has a greater volume than Block Y.
700
A liquid gains enough energy to change into a gas. What happens to the motion and spacing of its particles?
The particles move faster and spread farther apart.
700
What is the difference between a control group and a control variable?
Control variable - things that stay the same in an experiment
Control group - group in an experiment that doesn't get tested
700
What are the three domains used to classify living organisms?
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya