Perception
What is the inability to notice changes in the environment, typically when the changes happen during a visual disruption like a blink?
Change blindness
What is a step-by-step problem-solving strategy that guarantees a solution?
Algorithm
What is the conscious encoding of information that requires effort and attention?
Effortful processing
What is the distortion of memory caused by exposure to misleading information after an event?
Misinformation effect
What is the belief, promoted by Carol Dweck, that abilities and intelligence can be developed through effort and persistence?
Growth mindset
What is the type of processing that starts with sensory receptors and builds up to the brain’s interpretation without relying on prior knowledge?
Bottom-up processing
What is the thought process that generates many possible creative solutions to a problem?
Divergent thinking
What is a type of implicit memory that involves knowing how to perform actions or skills?
Procedural memory
What is the frustrating feeling that a word you know is stored in memory but just out of reach?
Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
A college entrance exam accurately predicts students’ first-year GPA, what type of validity does it have?
Predictive validity
While counting basketball passes in a video, you fail to notice a person in a gorilla suit walking through the scene, what is this called?
Inattentional blindness
Jake assumes a quiet man who loves books is a librarian rather than a farmer because he fits the stereotype, ignoring that farmers are far more common, what heuristic is this?
Representativeness heuristic
You studied in your kitchen and do better on the quiz when you take it in that same kitchen, what is this?
Context-dependent memory
You remember a fun fact but can’t recall whether you heard it from a friend, a podcast, or a teacher, what is this called?
Source amnesia
What is the ability to reason quickly and solve new problems without relying on past learning, which peaks in early adulthood and begins to decline in middle and late adulthood?
Fluid intelligence
What is the binocular depth cue where the brain compares the slightly different images from each eye to judge distance?
Retinal disparity
Sam needs a screwdriver but never thinks to use a coin because he only sees coins as money, what is this cognitive bias?
Functional fixedness
What is the inability to form new long-term memories after a brain injury or trauma, while older memories remain intact?
Anterograde amnesia
After memorizing her old phone number, Mia can’t recall her new one, what type of interference is this?
Proactive interference
What is the accumulated knowledge and skills gained from experience and education, like vocabulary and facts, which keeps growing into late adulthood and declines only slightly, if at all, in old age?
Crystallized intelligence
After hearing a story about rabbits, a student looks at an ambiguous drawing and sees a rabbit instead of a duck, what is this readiness to perceive something based on expectations and context?
Perceptual set
After watching news coverage of plane crashes, Maya fears flying more than driving, what mental shortcut judges how likely something is by how easily examples come to mind?
Availability heuristic
What is the awareness and understanding of your own thought processes?
Metacognition
After learning Spanish this semester, Leo struggles to recall the French vocabulary he learned last year, what type of interference is this?
Retroactive interference
What are the three parts of Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence?
Analytical, creative, and practical