Trait Theory
What are traits?
The stable patterns of behaviors and emotions that make up a person's personality.
What is the psychodynamic theory?
The study of our unconscious processes and unresolved conflicts from our past and their effects on our behaviors.
What is the Humanistic theory?
The focus on potential positive personal growth.
What is free association? Who developed it?
The free-association is the idea that a person is able to talk freely without censoring thoughts. Sigmundfreud was the one who developed it.
How many common defense mechanisms are listed in the unit notes? How many are their?
8 in the notes; and 31 total.
Who was one of the earliest known psychologists in 1936?
Gordon Allport
List the names of the neo-frodians and what did they agree and disagree with?
The neo-freudians were Erik Erikson, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, and Karen Horney. They accepted Freud's basic ideas of id, ego, and superego, the shaping of personality in childhood, and the defense mechanisms. They disagreed with the sexual desires and the belief that the social experiences had played a larger role.
Name the two humanistic founders in the 1960s:
Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers
What does Id, Ego, and Superego mean?
Id: insticnts (devil) who gives instant gratification on a situation
Ego: the reality (compromise) in between the id and the superego.
Superego- shows morality (be good) and it the most angel like characteristic out of all of them.
What is rationalization and give an example of using it?
Rationalization is the justification of making up acceptable excuses for unacceptable behavior. One example is like, "If I can't manage to finish my homework right now, I don't need to stress over it and and complete it right now, because it's due by midnight."
What are the 3 levels of Allport's approach on traits?
Cardinal traits, central traits, secondary traits
What test involved inkblots and who was named after this test?
The Rorshach test; named after Herman Rorschach
What was the central focus and what did it mean?
The central focus was an indidivdual's self-concept and it's the collection of beliefs and attitudes on oneself.
Out of Id, Ego, and Superego, which one develops throughout childhood?
Superego does
What's the difference between repression and regression? Which one is unconscious and which one is backwards.
Repression is the feeling of pushing into the unconscious. While regression is going back to an earlier and less mature pattern of behavior. Repression is unconscious and regression is backwards.
Who studied both normal and disordered personalities and what were his 3 basic dimensions?
Hans Eysenck; introversion-extroversion, neuroticism-emotional stability and psychoticism
What does TAT stand for and what is it?
Thematic Apperception test: subjects revealed that people's unconscious motives, concerns, feelings, and interests during the test was about ambiguous scenes that occurred once in their life.
Who belived in the "Person-centered perspective" and what were the two elements? Explain
Carl Rogers; he differentiated between actual-self and ideal-self.
The actual self- is who we are based on our self- concept score.
The ideal self- Is who we wish to be as a person.
Who came up with the 3 concepts?
Sigmundfreud did
What is the approximate total of how may psychological defense mechanisms their are?
31
Who identified the 16 source traits for human personalities?
Raymond Catell
What would you focus more on if you were looking more towards the right during the inkblot test?
On the future
How many concepts were their in Maslow's Hierarchy of needs?
8
What is one example that would fit the ego concept?
Ex: In a case of an emergency, the expectation to compromise would be to try to get out of the emergency as soon as possible without causing any harm to others.
In the example, "Alain, who is very aggressive,becomes a hockey player." Out of all of the defense mechanisms, which one correctly describes this example? What does it mean?
Sublimation- turning socially unacceptable urges into socially acceptable behavior.