Natural Selection
This type of selection causes a shift in a population towards an extreme version of a trait.
This nucleic acid is responsible for the transcription and translation of genetic information held in the nucleus
What is RNA?
This is a mutation that effects one nucleotide of a DNA sequence
These are different versions of a gene that can be inherited from parents
What are alleles
4 haploid gametes (egg or sperm)
This type of selection is caused by human influence.
What is artificial selection?
This type of RNA transports amino acids into ribosomes to form a polypeptide
What is tRNA?
This mutation causes each codon down the line to be changed
What is a frameshift mutation?
While some aspects of organisms can be seen on the outside, these aspects are not visible.
What are genotypes?
This is the last step before meiosis II is complete
What are telophase and cytokinesis?
During this phase of the cell cycle, chromosomes line up in middle of the cell.
What is metaphase?
The three nucleotide sequences that codes for a specific amino acid
What is a codon?
These two types of mutations add or subtract a nucleotide from a sequence of DNA
What are insertion and deletion mutations?
While using Punnett Squares to analyze dihybrid crosses, this is the number of squares necessary for a double heterozygous x double heterozygous cross
What is 16?
This number of daughter cells is the result of meiosis I
two unique daughter cells
Name one pro and one con of sexual reproduction vs. asexual reproduction
1. no need to find a partner for asexual reproduction
2. genetic variation for sexual reproduction
This complementary tRNA sequence matches to the mRNA sequence in the ribosome during translation
What is an anticodon?
These are the three parts of a nucleotide and the elements that make them up.
What are nitrogenous bases, deoxyribose sugars, and phosphate groups?
(carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus)
This pattern of gene inheritance results in heterozygous offspring that have a phenotype that is somewhere in between the phenotypes of the parents
What is incomplete dominance?
(co dominance is a pattern that causes heterozygous offspring to express both of the phenotypes of the parents at the same time)
True or False: Heart cells go through both meiosis and mitosis in an embryo.
False! Meiosis only results in reproductive cells.
This is the time when new DNA is copied in a cell before mitosis
What is the S phase of interphase?
What is RNA polymerase
This is an outside influence that causes damage to DNA resulting in mutations
What is a mutagen?
Laney has parents that are homozygous for a recessive trait. She marries Doug, who is heterozygous dominant for said trait.
What is the probability that Laney's children will inherit the recessive trait?
50%
Human gametes have this number of unpaired chromosomes and this number of alleles for each individual gene
23 chromosomes (unpaired)
2 alleles to pass on for each trait (only one is passed on to each offspring at a time)