Italian Renaissance
This country was the birthplace of the Renaissance
Italy
This Renaissance idea emphasized human potential, achievement, and classical learning.
Humanism
This German reformer challenged practices of the Catholic Church
Martin Luther
This Protestant reformer was associated with Switzerland
The Catholic church's movement to address problems and respond to Protestantism is known by this name.
Catholic Reformation
This Italian city-state was famous for trade its waterways
Venice
Writing in the everyday language of ordinary people was known by this term
The vernacular
Luther wrote this famous document in 1517
The 95 Theses
Calvin taught this belief that God had already determined who would receive salvation.
Predestination
This meeting of Catholic leaders clarified Catholic teachings and addressed reforms
Council of Trent
This Italian city became a major Renaissance center and was associated with the Medici family.
Florence
Renaissance artists used this technique to make flat paintings appear to have depth
Perspective
Luther taught that salvation came though this rather than being earned through good works
This English king broke with the authority of the pope.
King Henry VIII
This Catholic religious order became especially known for education and missionary work
Jesuits
This Italian city-state was located in central Italy and was controlled by the pope.
The Papal States
Name TWO characteristics commonly found in Renaissance art
Realism, perspective, humanism, accurate human anatomy, emotion, classical influence, etc.
This protestant movement developed from Martin Luther's teachings.
Lutheranism
Henry VIII's break with Rome eventually resulted in the creation of this church
Church of England
The Reformation contributed to increases in these TWO related areas because people were encouraged to read religious texts.
Education and literacy
This author of The Prince argued that rulers sometimes had to make difficult or harsh decisions to maintain political power.
Niccolò Machiavelli
Explain one way humanism influenced Renaissance art.
Artists placed greater emphasis on realistic people, human emotion, individual achievement, and/or classical subjects.
Why were the 95 Theses important to the Protestant Reformation?
they publicly challenged Church practices, especially indulgences, and helped begin a larger movement for religious reform.
What was the main reason Henry VIII wanted to end his marriage to Catherine of Aragon
He wanted a male heir and Catherine had not produced a surviving son.
Explain one major way the Protestant Reformation changed Christianity in Europe
Christianity became more religiously divided as different Protestant denominations developed alongside Catholicism.