Where in the World?
Which ocean separates the Old World from the New World?
Atlantic Ocean
What word describes the peoples who lived in a place before colonization?
Indigenous
What were the “3 Gs” of European exploration?
Gold, Glory, and God.
What was the Columbian Exchange?
The movement of plants, animals, people, diseases, and ideas between the Americas and Afro-Eurasia following European contact.
Name one disease from the reading that devastated Indigenous communities after European arrival.
Smallpox
The Old World includes two continents. Name both.
North America & South America
A tool, piece of clothing, or other object made or used by people can give historians clues about the past. What is it called?
An artifact
An explorer wants valuable goods and trade that will make them more wealthy. Which G does this represent?
Gold: wealth and profit.
How did American crops such as potatoes and corn affect people in Europe?
They increased available food and helped populations grow. They could also grow in environments where some other crops struggled.
Why were many Indigenous communities especially vulnerable to diseases such as smallpox?
They had little or no previous exposure to these diseases, so they lacked the immunity that previous exposure could provide.
The Old World is made up of three continents. Name them.
Europe, Asia & Africa
What is an adaptation? Give one example involving housing, food, or clothing.
A way people adjust to their environment. Example: using thick clothing to stay warm in a cold region.
A ruler wants more territory, greater power, and an advantage over rival countries. Which G does this represent?
Glory: power, empire, and fame.
Explain how animals Europeans brought to the Americas changed daily life.
Horses helped with transportation and hunting; cattle and pigs provided food, and cattle also provided hides.
Explain one way horses changed life for some Indigenous communities.
They helped with transportation and hunting bison. Accept either with an explanation.
Where do most of the diseases that killed the Indigenous Americans come from?
What is a cash crop?
A crop grown mainly to sell for money, rather than mainly for the grower’s own use. Examples include sugar, cotton, and coffee.
A missionary wants to build churches and spread Christianity. Which G does this represent?
God: spreading Christianity and converting people.
Explain ONE benefit and ONE harmful effect of the Columbian Exchange.
Benefit: New crops increased food supplies, or new animals helped with transportation.
Harm: Diseases killed millions of Indigenous people, or enslaved Africans were forcibly brought to the Americas.
How were enslaved Africans’ journeys to the Americas different from Europeans who chose to settle there?
Enslaved Africans were forcibly transported and forced to work. Their movement was not voluntary.
Trace the forced journey of enslaved West Africans to the Americas. Name the starting continent, ocean crossed, and destination region.
Africa → Atlantic Ocean → the Americas.
What is colonization? Explain one way it can affect people already living in a place.
An outside power establishes territory and control over a place and its people. Effects can include loss of land, forced labor, or changes to daily life.
You find two sources: a contract promising an explorer a share of discovered wealth and a missionary’s journal describing plans for churches. Which G does each support, and why?
Contract → Gold, because it promises wealth. Journal → God, because it describes spreading Christianity.
Explain how growing cash crops in the Americas contributed to the expansion of the Atlantic slave trade.
European colonists wanted profits from crops such as sugar and demanded more workers for large plantations. They forcibly transported and enslaved Africans to perform that labor.
Explain TWO ways European contact harmed Indigenous communities. Include how each affected daily life.
Examples: disease killed community members and disrupted families; land loss forced people from homes and resources; forced labor took away freedom and control over work. Require two explained effects.