Government and Revolution
What is a tyrant?
A government leader who uses oppressive laws and controls citizens.
Which group wanted independence from the British Empire?
Patriots
Which army fought for American independence?
The Continental Army
Where did the “shot heard round the world” occur on April 19, 1775?
The Battles of Lexington and Concord.
Who was the commander of the Continental Army?
George Washington.
How did the Articles of Confederation try to prevent tyranny?
By giving most government power to the individual states.
Who were the Loyalists?
Colonists who remained loyal to the British Crown and opposed independence.
What was one major problem the Continental Army faced during the war?
It lacked supplies, weapons, ammunition, and food.
Which battle was technically an American loss but showed the British that the Patriots could inflict heavy casualties?
The Battle of Bunker Hill.
Which two American representatives traveled to France to help negotiate an alliance?
Benjamin Franklin and John Adams.
Why did the 13 states create the Articles of Confederation during the Revolution?
To unite the states in a league of friendship and help protect one another while fighting Britain.
What was a Fence-Sitter during the American Revolution?
Someone who did not choose a side in the conflict.
How did knowing the land help the Patriots fight the British?
They could move quickly in smaller groups and use the terrain to their advantage.
Which battle convinced France that the Patriots had a real chance of winning?
The Battle of Saratoga.
What leadership quality did Washington demonstrate by having soldiers read Thomas Paine's The Crisis at Valley Forge?
Encouragement and support.
Name two major powers the national government had under the Articles of Confederation.
Declaring war and raising an army. (It could also conduct foreign relations and print money.)
Why might some wealthy, white landowning men have supported the Loyalists?
They feared losing their wealth, land, and political influence if the Patriots won.
What were Hessians, and which side did they fight for?
German soldiers hired by Britain to fight against the Patriots.
What battle began with George Washington crossing the Delaware River on Christmas night in 1776?
The Battle of Trenton.
What leadership quality did Washington demonstrate by planning surprise attacks at Trenton and Princeton?
Creative battle strategies.
Why did the founders want to limit the power of the national government?
They feared a powerful government could become tyrannical, like the government they had fought against.
Why did some Native American groups support the British during the Revolution?
They hoped the British would continue protecting their lands, as King George III had attempted to do through the Proclamation of 1763.
Why were many Patriot soldiers tempted to quit during the winter at Valley Forge?
They faced recent defeats, shortages of food and supplies, and money that had little value.
At which battle did Lord Cornwallis surrender to George Washington, helping end the American Revolution?
The Battle of Yorktown.
Name three ways France helped the American war effort.
France provided money, supplies, and soldiers to help the Patriots fight.