Module 5
Thomas Jefferson doubled the size of the United States by acquiring this vast territory from France.
Louisiana Purchase
This era marked a shift from handmade goods to machine manufacturing, dramatically changing regional economies and transportation
Industrial Revolution
Driven by the belief that the nation was divinely ordained to expand across the continent, this concept justified rapid westward growth and territorial acquisition.
Manifest Destiny
Supported by key figures like Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison, this reform movement fought to immediately end slavery in the United States.
Abolition
Author of the Declaration of Independence and 3rd president
Federalists & Democratic-Republicans
Signed into law in 1830, this legislation forced Native American nations in the Southeast off their ancestral lands, leading directly to the Trail of Tears.
Indian Removal Act
Serving as president during the War with Mexico, he strongly backed American expansionism and led the nation through the conflict to secure vast new Western territories.
James Polk
Held in 1848, this landmark gathering produced the Declaration of Sentiments and formally launched the organized women's rights movement in the United States.
Seneca Falls Convention
Elected as the champion of the "common man," this 7th president expanded voting rights for white men while enforcing the Indian Removal Act and dismantling the Second Bank of the United States.
Andrew Jackson
This policy of forcing American sailors into service for the British navy was a major cause of the War of 1812.
Impressment
Associated with Andrew Jackson, this practice involved rewarding loyal political supporters with federal government jobs.
Spoils System
Sparked by growing tensions over Mexican laws and governance, this conflict resulted in Texan forces defeating Mexico and establishing an independent republic
Texas War for Independence
This widespread religious revival movement in the early 19th century inspired Americans to reform society and fueled movements like abolition and women's rights.
2nd Great Awakening
A prominent reformer and co-organizer of the Seneca Falls Convention, she drafted the Declaration of Sentiments to demand equal rights and voting access for women.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
This landmark 1803 Supreme Court case established the principle of judicial review. It gave the federal courts the ultimate authority to declare laws unconstitutional.
Marbury v. Madison
This 1820 agreement admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, maintaining the balance of power in the Senate while banning slavery in northern territories.
Missouri Compromise
igned in 1848, this agreement officially ended the War with Mexico and ceded vast southwestern territories to the United States.
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Led by thinkers like Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau, this philosophical movement emphasized intuition, self-reliance, nature, and individual morality over strict societal conformity.
Transcendentalism
The nation's first Treasury Secretary, he championed a strong central government, the creation of a National Bank, and a financial plan to build a robust industrial economy.
Alexander Hamilton
What did Washington warn of in his Farewell Address?
1) Danger of Political Factions
2) To remain clear of permanent foreign alliances
3) Prioritize national unity
Issued in 1823, this foreign policy statement warned European nations against further colonization or intervention in the Western Hemisphere.
Monroe Doctrine
Acquired following the Mexican-American War, this massive region included modern-day California, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming.
Mexican Cession
This 1831 violent slave revolt in Virginia struck fear into Southern slaveholders, leading to harsher laws restricting the rights of both enslaved and free Black people.
Nat Turner's Rebellion
A former enslaved person turned prominent abolitionist speaker and author, he tirelessly campaigned against slavery through his powerful speeches and newspaper, The North Star.
Frederick Douglass