Industry
A business becomes so powerful that it has little or no competition and can strongly influence government decisions. What is this called?
A Monopoly
Name three common problems faced by industrial/ factory workers
low wages/ long hours/ unsafe work conditions/ child labor
Name three problems farmers faced in the late 1800s
Falling crop prices/ high railroad rates/ expensive equipment/ increasing debt
Who were the “new immigrants”?
Immigrants arriving from Southern and Eastern Europe, often coming to the United States in search of jobs and economic opportunities while escaping poverty
What process occurred as people, including many immigrants, moved into cities in search of jobs, causing cities to grow rapidly during the Industrial Revolution?
Urbanization
This was a new process that made it possible to produce steel faster, more effciently, and cheaper. This will help industries and cities grow rapidly.
The Bessemer Process
Workers formed these organizations to gain more bargaining power and work together to demand better wages, shorter hours, and safer working conditions
Labor Unions
What movement was created by farmers who wanted to address grievances such as high railroad rates and unfair treatment by railroads?
Which immigrants worked on the Transcontinental Railroad?
Asian Immigrants (Specifically Chinese)
Name three factors that attracted people to cities during the Industrial Revolution
Factory jobs/ higher wages/ economic opportunities/ the chance for a better life.
This entrepreneur built a massive business by controlling much of the steel industry, arguing that wealthy industrialists had earned their success through competition and were responsible for using their wealth to benefit society.
Andrew Carnegie
This labor organization welcomed skilled AND unskilled workers and pushed for an eight-hour workday, better wages, safer working conditions, and was against child labor
the Knights of Labor
After the Granger Movement organized farmers to protest unfair railroad rates and practices, what 1887 federal law was passed to regulate railroads and make their rates more fair?
the Interstate Commerce Act
What was the difference between Asian and European immigrants in their restrictions on immigration?
European immigrants were generally allowed to enter the United States, Asian immigrants—especially Chinese immigrants—faced greater legal restrictions
Overcrowding, poor sanitation, unsafe housing, pollution, disease, and crime were all problems associated with what?
Problems rapidly growing cities faced
The first industrial revolution is to _______________ as the second industrial revolution is to _______________.
[Steam Power] [electricity/ steel/ oil]
This 1886 Chicago labor protest began as a peaceful rally for an eight-hour workday but turned violent after a bomb was thrown, hurting the public image of the labor movement.
Haymarket Riot
What political party was formed by farmers and reformers who wanted government action on issues such as railroad regulation, currency reform, and the interests of ordinary workers and farmers?
the Populist Party
What 1882 federal law became the first major U.S. law to restrict immigration based on nationality by banning most Chinese laborers from entering the United States?
the Chinese Exclusion Act
What organizations controlled local city politics by exchanging jobs, services, and favors for votes, often using corruption to maintain power?
Political Machines
This belief supported capitalism by arguing that competition in a free market allowed the “fittest” businesses and individuals to succeed while government should avoid interfering with the competition.
Industrialists often hired these workers for low wages, providing factories with a large supply of inexpensive labor. They were also used as strikebreakers.
Immigrants
Which Populist-supported congressman became famous for supporting bimetallism, arguing that using both gold and silver as currency would help struggling farmers?
Williams Jennings Bryan
What 1907–1908 agreement between the United States and Japan limited Japanese immigration to the U.S. after Japanese officials agreed to restrict passports for laborers?
the Gentlemen’s Agreement
Connect the three following themes and how they relate to each other:
Immigrants- Cities- industrialization
The growth of factories and industrial jobs attracted immigrants and people from rural areas to cities, causing rapid urban growth and creating new challenges such as overcrowding, poor housing, and sanitation problems.