In this phase, the sister chromatids split and move toward the poles.
What is anaphase?
100
This organelle is where cellular respiration occurs.
What is the mitochondria?
100
This is the two word term used to describe the membrane due to its structure.
What is phospholipid bilayer?
100
This is the diffusion of water.
What is osmosis?
100
Name the three steps of cell signaling.
What is reception, transduction, and response?
200
This is the divsion of the cytoplasm.
What is cytokinesis?
200
Name the main difference between the smooth and rough ER.
What is that the rough ER has ribosomes.
200
This type of protein penetrates the hydrophobic core of the bilayer.
What is an integral protein?
200
This type of diffusion pumps solutes against their gradients.
What is activated diffusion?
200
The first messengar of a signal-transduction pathway is this.
What is a signal molecule?
300
This phase of interphase is when chromosomes are duplicated
What is the S phase?
300
Name 2 differences between plant and animal cells.
Plant cells do not have: lysosomes, centrioles, or flagella.
Animal cells do not have: chloroplasts, central vacoule, or a cell wall.
300
These proteins are not embedded into the membrane but rather loosely bounded to the surface.
What is a peripheral protein?
300
Describe the difference between a hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic solutions.
Hypertonic-the solution with higher concentration of solutes
hypotonic-solution with lower concentration of solutes
isotonic-equal solute concentrations
300
Describe what second messengers are.
What are small, nonprotein, water-soluble molecules or ions that relay a signal to the cell's interior in response to signal received by the protein.
400
Describe density-dependent inhibition and name a type of cell that does not exhibit this.
A phenomenon in which cells stop dividing if they get too crowded-cancer cells do not exhibit this.
400
This is the function of lysosome.
What is intracellular digestion?
400
This steroid is wedged between phospholipids.
What is cholestorol?
400
These facilitate massive amounts of diffusion of water.
What are aquaporins?
400
How do cellular receptors for water-soluble hormones differ from lipid-soluble hormones?
Receptors for water-soluble hormones are in the plasma membrane and those for lipid-soluble hormones are in the cell.
500
Describe cytokinesis in plants
Vesicles from the Golgi apparatus line along microtubules in the middle of the cell where they create a cell wall, which expands and fuses with the membrane
500
Name the three functions of the smooth ER.
What is lipid synthesis, destruction of toxic substances and regulation of muscle contraction by uptake and release of calcium.
500
A phospholipid is an amphipathic molecule. Describe what this means.
It has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions.
500
Describe endocytosis and endocytosis.
Endocytosis-a cell takes in macromolecules and matter by forming new vesicles from the membrane.
Exocytosis-a cell secretes macromolecules by having vesicles fuse with the membrane
500
Describe the function of a tyrosine-kinase receptors.
A tyrosine-kinase receptor transfers a phosphate group from ATP to intracellular relay proteins so that they can start a signal-transduction pathway to lead to a cellular response.