Explaining Behavior/Attitudes
The tendency for observers to underestimate the impact of the situation and overestimate the impact of personal disposition when analyzing another person's behavior.
Fundamental Attribution Error
Improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others.
Social Facilitation
His famous "Stanford Prison Experiment" demonstrated the powerful impact that assigned social roles can have on human behavior.
Philip Zimbardo
unselfish caring for the welfare of others, with no expectation of any benefits for the helper.
Altruism
A generalized belief about a group of people that is often overgeneralized and resistant to new information.
Stereotype
a readiness to perceive oneself favorably; we tend to include the situation when explaining our own behavior.
Self-serving bias
The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.
Social Loafing
In Asch's experiment, when a participant conformed because they wanted to gain approval or avoid rejection by the group, they were demonstrating this type of social influence.
Normative Social Influence
The tendency for any given observer to be less likely to give aid if other observers are present.
Bystander Effect
Unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members.
Discrimination
The theory stating that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts or an attitude and an action are inconsistent.
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity.
Deindividuation
The process of getting used to a positive or negative change in your life, so that over time, the emotional impact of that change decreases.
Hedonic Adaptation
Comparing ourselves to those who are worse off than us to feel better about our own situation is known as this type of social comparison.
Downward Social Comparison
The tendency to favor our own group over those outside of our group.
Ingroup Bias
The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request.
Foot-in-the-door Phenomenon
the enhancement of a group’s already-existing attitudes through discussion within a like-minded group setting is called
Group Polarization
This researcher studied conformity by having participants judge the lengths of lines while surrounded by confederates giving wrong answers.
Solomon Asch
Name two situational factors mentioned in psychological research that promote altruism.
seeing someone else helping, not being in a hurry, being in a good mood, feeling guilty, or perceiving the victim as similar/deserving of help?
The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame when things go wrong.
Scapegoat Theory
The theory that we explain someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation or the person’s disposition.
Attribution Theory
The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.
Groupthink
This researcher conducted controversial studies on obedience using a fake shock generator to see how far participants would follow authority figures' orders.
Stanley Milgram
The psychological phenomenon where a person feels less personal responsibility to act in an emergency because others are present.
Diffusion of Responsibility
The cognitive bias where people believe that the world is fair and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get.
Just-World Phenomenon