Colonial Society and Economy
This European region received the overwhelmingly largest total number of enslaved Africans in the Trans-Atlantic slave trade compared to British North America.
What is South America (or Brazil/the Caribbean)?
This major 1740s movement featured emotional preaching and a widespread wave of Protestant religious revivals throughout the colonies.
What is the Great Awakening?
To protest the Tea Act of 1773, colonial activists threw tea cargoes into Boston Harbor in an act of civil disobedience organized by this group.
Who are the Sons of Liberty?
The Continental Congress chose George Washington to fill this critical military position.
What is The Commander-in-Chief?
This major economic and social institution became legally established in North America by the late 1600s due to a steep decline in indentured labor.
What is (racial chattel) slavery?
The Great Awakening challenged established church authorities and contributed to growing colonial ideas about this personal freedom.
What is individual religious independence / freedom of conscience?
The Boston Tea Party (1773) was staged in direct response to Parliament passing legislation that had restricted American trade to this failing British company.
What is the British East India Company?
Formed by the First Continental Congress in 1774, the Continental Association was created to organize and enforce this economic strategy against Britain.
What is a boycott of British goods?
This economic policy sought to maximize a mother country's wealth by strictly controlling colonial trade and ensuring exports exceeded imports.
What is mercantilism?
Colonists opposed the 1765 Stamp Act because it was an "internal tax" passed by a legislature where they lacked this political right.
Political Representation / Voting Rights
Parliament passed the Coercive (Intolerable) Acts of 1774 specifically to punish Massachusetts for this destructive 1773 incident.
What is the Boston Tea Party?
American diplomats convinced France that supporting U.S. independence was vital to French interests because it would weaken this major European rivalry.
What is opposition to the British Empire?
Despite importing fewer enslaved people directly from Africa, the enslaved population in North America grew primarily through this biological process compared to the Caribbean.
What is natural reproduction / natural population growth?
Issued by the British Crown following the French and Indian War, this 1763 directive prohibited colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains.
What is the Proclamation Line of 1763?
A major long-term consequence of the British victory in the French and Indian War was the imposition of these on the American colonies.
What are new taxes / imperial duties?
These TWO European nations provided critical naval support, troops, and financial aid to the American colonies during the Revolution.
What is France and Spain?
While the imperial core benefited, this part of the British Empire was hurt by Mercantilist policies.
What are the (American) Colonies?
Following the British victory in the French and Indian War, Great Britain abandoned this long-standing policy of lax enforcement of colonial trade laws.
What is salutary neglect?
Written by Thomas Paine in 1776, this revolutionary pamphlet directly attacked King George III and argued against the concept of monarchy.
What is Common Sense?
The French-American Alliance contributed significantly to the ultimate U.S. victory and directly encouraged Great Britain to offer generous terms in this 1783 agreement.
What is the Treaty of Paris (1783)?