Cell Structures
What is the function of the structure in a prokaryotic cell responsible for containing material?
a) Protein synthesis
b) Energy production
c) Nucleoid region
d) Waste storage
c) Nucleoid region
Which of the following components is a major structural element of biological membranes?
a) Ribosomes
b) Phospholipids
c) Proteins
d) Nucleic acids
b) Phospholipids
Osmosis is the process of:
a) Water moving from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration
b)Solute molecules moving across a membrane
c) Water moving in the opposite direction of diffusion
d) Solute molecules being actively transported against a gradient
a) Water moving from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.
Water Soluble Hormones primarily use receptors located on the
a) Mitochondria
b) Cell Surface (plasma membrane)
c) Nucleus
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
b) Cell Surface (plasma membrane)
Name two organelles in eukaryotic cells that are believed to have originated through endosymbiosis
a) Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
b) Chloroplasts and ribosomes
c) Ribosomes and nucleus
d) Eukaryotes and prokaryotes
a) Mitochondria and chloroplasts
In eukaryotic cells, which organelle is primarily responsible for protein synthesis?
a) Mitochondria
b) Golgi apparatus
c) Ribosomes
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
c) Ribosomes
The chemical structure of a phospholipid includes:
a) Carbohydrate chains
b) Hydrophilic head &hydrophobic tail
c) Peptide Bonds
d) Phosphate groups
b) Hydrophilic head & Hydrophobic tail
What role do aquaporins play in osmosis?
a) They actively pump water across the membrane
b) They prevent the movement of water
c) They facilitate the rapid movement of water molecules across the membrane
d) They control the direction of osmosis
c) They facilitate the rapid movement of water molecules across the membrane
Lipid-soluble hormones, like steroid hormones, typically use receptors located
a) Cell nucleus
b) Cell Surface (plasma membrane)
c) Endoplasmic Reticulum
d) Nuclues
a) Cell nucleus
What is the endosymbiotic theory?
a) theory that all cells come from preexisting cells
b)The theory that eukaryotic cells evolved from a symbiotic relationship between prokaryotic cells
c) The theory that all living things evolved from a single ancestor
d) The theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts are unrelated to prokaryotes
b) The theory that eukaryotic cells evolved from a symbiotic relationship between prokaryotic cells
What is the function of the structure in a eukaryotic cell that stores and modifies proteins before they are shipped to their final destinations?
a) Energy production
b) Golgi apparatus
c) Genetic material storage
d) Ribosome assembly
b) Golgi apparatus
The fluidity of cell membranes is primarily influenced by:
a) Temperature and lipid composition
b) protein concentration
c) Carbohydrate content
d) DNA sequences
a) Temperature and lipid composition
In a hypertonic solution, water will tend to move:
a) From the solution into the cell
b) From the cell into the solution
c) In both directions equally
d) From the cell into the solution
d) From the cell into the solution
Where are receptors for water-soluble hormones such as peptide hormones commonly found?
a) Cytoplasm
b) Cell Surface (plasma membrane)
c) Endoplasmic Reticulum
d) Nucleus
b) Cell Surface (plasma membrane)
What evidence supports the endosymbiotic origin of Mitochondria and chloroplasts?
a) They are surrounded by a single membrane
b)They do not require DNA to function
c) They have their own circular DNA and reproduce independently
d) They are found only in plant cells
c) they have their own circular DNA and reproduce independently
In a prokaryotic cell, what is the function of the cell membrane?
a) Energy production
b) Protein synthesis
c) regulation of materials entering and leaving the cell
d) Genetic material storage
c) Regulation of materials entering and leaving the cell
Which term describes the ability of phospholipids and proteins in the cell membrane laterally within the bilayer?
a) Membrane Fluidity
b) membrane rigidity
c) Membrane synthesis
d) Membrane stability
a) Membrane fluidity
When cells are placed in a hypotonic solution, what happens to the water movement?
a) Water moved from the cells into the solution
b) Water moved from the solution into the cells
c) Water movement stops
d) Water moves from the solution into the cells due to osmosis
d) Water moves from the solution into the cells due to osmosis
Lipid-soluble hormones can directly influence gene expression b/c their receptors are typically located with in the:
a) Golgi apparatus
b) Cell nucleus
c) Mitochondria
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
b) Cell nucleus
How does the structure of chloroplasts DNA support the idea of endosymbiosis?
a) Chloroplasts DNA is linear like eukaryotic DNA
b) Chloroplasts DNA is circular like prokaryotic DNA
c)Chloroplasts DNA is found in the nucleus
d) Chloroplasts DNA does not code for any proteins
b) Chloroplasts DNA is circular like prokaryotic DNA
Which structure in a eukaryotic cell is responsible for energy production though cellular respiration?
a) Ribosomes
b) Golgi Apparatus
c) Mitochondria
d) Nucleus
c) Mitochondria
The fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane suggests that it is composed of a mosaic of:
a) Phospholipids and proteins
b) DNA & RNA
c) Carbohydrates and lipids
d) Proteins and nucleic acids
a) Phospholipids and proteins
In a plant cell, the presence of a cell wall affects the outcome of osmosis by:
a) Promoting the burst of the cell due to excessive water uptake
b) Creating turgor pressure to support the cell against excessive water influx
c) preventing osmosis from occurring
d) Allowing the rapid water diffusion into the cell
b) Creating turgor pressure to support the cell against excessive water influx.
Water-soluble hormones, like insulin, mainly interact with receptors on the cell Surface to trigger intracellular signaling cascades b/c they cannot:
a) pass through the plasma membrane
b) target the nucleus directly
c) Bind to intracellular receptors
d) influence gene expression
a) Pass through the plasma membrane
Explain why the endosymbiotic theory requires the host cell to not digest the engulfed organism and how this mutual relationship could have benefited both organisms.
a) The engulfed organism provided the host with resources like ATP or the ability to photosynthesize, while the host protected the engulfed organism
b) The host cell was unable to digest the organism due to a mutation
c) The engulfed organism tricked The host into keeping it alive
d) The engulfed organism had no role in the evolution of the host cell
a) The engulfed organism provided the host with resources like ATP or the ability to photosynthesize, while the host protected the engulfed organism