Mineral Masters
What property describes how a mineral reflects light?
Luster
What are the three major groups of rocks?
Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
What type of soil combines sand, silt, and clay and is often valued by farmers?
Loam
Which Earth material is processed into cement?
Limestone
Which human activity can cause soil degradation by replacing natural areas with buildings and roads?
Urbanization
What is the color of a mineral in powdered form called
Streak
What type of igneous rock forms when magma cools slowly underground
Intrusive (plutonic) igneous rock.
Which soil particle type is the finest and often retains more water?
Clay
What is the difference between mining and quarrying as defined in the slides?
Mining removes valuable mineral deposits; quarrying extracts stone and aggregates such as limestone, sand, gravel, granite, and marble.
Why can intensive farming contribute to soil degradation even though it increases food production?
It can reduce soil quality through repeated cultivation and depletion of soil nutrients.
A mineral scratches calcite (Mohs 3) but cannot scratch quartz (Mohs 7). What is its hardness range?
Greater than 3 and less than 7 on the Mohs scale.
Why does granite generally have larger crystals than basalt?
Granite cools slowly underground; basalt cools rapidly at or near the surface.
In the approximate topsoil composition model, what percentages are minerals, water, air, and organic matter?
45% minerals, 25% water, 25% air, and 5% organic matter.
Which Philippine province is associated with gold and copper mining in the slides?
Benguet
Name one potential environmental impacts of mining or quarrying on land.
deforestation, habitat loss, soil erosion, changes to landforms, or disturbed/unstable slopes.
What mineral is an evidence that color alone not a reliable property for identifying a mineral because it is colorless but when you streak it with impurities, it can change its color
Quartz
What two processes turn deposited sediment into clastic sedimentary rock?
Compaction and cementation (lithification).
Name three out of five factors that influence soil formation.
Parent material, climate, topography, organisms, and time
What stage of mineral extraction estimates the size, grade, and extent of a deposit?
Drilling and evaluation.
What is the process of restoring land that has been damaged by mining or other human activities?
Rehabilitation
Which of the following is NOT one of the seven mineral groups discussed in the lesson?
A. Sulfates
B. Halides
C. Phosphates
D. Carbonates
C. Phosphates
A sandstone undergoes metamorphism without melting. What rock can it become, and what happens to its quartz grains?
Quartzite; the quartz grains recrystallize and bond tightly.
In the soil profile, which horizon is the zone of accumulation called subsoil?
B horizon.
Explain one geological processes that help determine why mineral and rock resources differ across regions.
volcanic activity concentrates some metallic minerals; sedimentation forms limestone, sand, and gravel deposits; weathering creates soil and may concentrate some ores.
What happens to soil when it is compacted?
The spaces between soil particles become reduced, affecting the movement of air and water.