Eukaryotic radiation
Out of the nucleus, chloroplast, and mitochondria what structures would you place at the base of the eukaryotic tree?
Nucleus, mitochondria
Locomotive diversity among protists include?
Flagella, cilia, pseudopodia
In addition to seeds, which of the following characteristics is unique to the seed-producing plants?
Pollen
What is a cuticle?
Waxy layer on the outside of leaves. Helps with water retention
The most direct ancestors of land plants were probably _____.
Green algae
What is the leading theory for the orgin of the nucleus and the nuclear envelope?
Infoldings
What are two novel characteristics that protists have evolved?
Sexual reproduction
Ingestion
Multicellularity
locomotion variation
Complex organelles
Cuticle, stomata, and vascular tissue are all key adaptations enabling land plants to _____.
colonize land
What are the three parts that make up a seed?
an embryo, a food supply, and a tough coat
n our Case Study of columbines, coevolution was presented as a potential driver of diversity in angiosperms, due to…
Mutualistic interactions between columbines and pollinators
A particular species of protist has obtained a chloroplast via secondary endosymbiosis. You know this because the chloroplasts _____.
have three or four membranes
Why can dinoflagellate blooms be harmful to humans?
People can get paralytic shellfish poisoning during dinoflagellate blooms.
Which morphological plant groups requires water for dispersal in reproduction?
Nonvascular
Seedless vascular
What is the functional role of stomata?
open to allow gas exchange and close to decrease water loss
As you stroll through a moist forest, you are most likely to see a _____.
A) zygote of a green alga
B) gametophyte of a moss
C) sporophyte of a liverwort
D) gametophyte of a fern
B) gametophyte of a moss
According to the endosymbiotic theory, why was it adaptive for the larger (host) cell to keep the engulfed cell alive, rather than digesting it as food?
The engulfed cell provided the host cell with adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Imagine that there are twenty-five different species of protists living in a tide pool. Some of these species reproduce both sexually and asexually, and some of them can reproduce only asexually. The pool gradually becomes infested with disease-causing viruses and bacteria. Which species are more likely to thrive in the changing environment?
the sexually reproducing species
A botanist discovers a new species of plant in a tropical rain forest. After observing its anatomy and life cycle, he notes the following characteristics: flagellated sperm, xylem with tracheids, separate gametophyte and sporophyte generations with the sporophyte dominant, and no seeds. This plant is probably most closely related to _____.
Ferns (vascular seedless plants)
Which plant reproductive structures provides stored nutrients and a protective coat so that offspring can be dispersed by wind (or other means) away from the parent plant.
Seed
What does a gametangia do? What does pollen do?
Which of the following is a synapomorphy that defines all green algae and land plants?
A. Seeds
B. Cell walls
C. Vascular tissue
D. Chloroplasts from primary endosymbiosis
E. Chloroplasts from secondary endosymbiosis
D. Chloroplasts from primary endosymbiosis
What are three pieces of evidence for the theory of endosymbiosis for the origin of mitochondria?
They are about the size of a bacteria
They have their own circular DNA
DNA is more closely related to proteobacteria than euakryotes
They reproduce through binary fission
They have a double membrane
We see examples of relationship like this right now
What is one example of how protists are important ecologically?
Food chain: Aquatic primary producers (dinoflagellates)
Symbiotic relationships: dinoflagellates and coral
In alternation of generations when the organism is a sporophyte, what is the ploidy? What is the ploidy when it is a gametophyte?
Diploid
What is the difference between antheridia and archegonia?
Both are types of gametangia. Antheridia is the male gametangia, and archegonia is the female gametangia.
What is the benefit to retaining the zygote on the living gametophyte of land plants?
It allows it to be nourished by the parent plant