Genetics 1
What is genetics?
The science of heredity
What is DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid; the hereditary material in humans and almost all other living organisms. It acts as a biological instruction manual, storing the genetic code required for an organism to develop, survive, and reproduce
Describe what life was like at the very beginning of Earth.
4.6 Billion Years Ago: Earth was a molten body when formed
Likely consisted almost entirely of molten magma
What term describes the changes in groups of organisms over time?
Evolution
What branching diagram represents ancestral relationships among organisms?
Cladogram
Who is the "Father of Genetics?"
Gregor Mendel
What structure is used to help predict possible offspring of a cross between two known genotypes?
Punnett Square
What is the term for any preserved evidence of an organism?
Fossil
Who is the "Father of Evolution"?
Charles Darwin
Every living thing on Earth has two names. What is this called?
Binomial Nomenclature
Describe Gregor Mendel's studies. What did he do?
Mendel cross-pollinated the pea plants by hand
Transferred a male gamete from the flower of one plant to the female reproductive organ of another plant.
In chromosomes, there are sequences of DNA that contains the information needed for a certain characteristic. What are they called?
Genes
In science there is a record of Earth’s history. It spans to 4 billion years ago, and is broken into subdivisions. What is this called?
Geologic Time Scale
Describe Darwin's studies. What organism was he trying to collect?
Birds; Mockingbirds and finches
What are the five parts of a cladogram?
Root
Nodes
Clades
Branches
Taxon/Outgroup
What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous?
Homozygous= Same size; BB or bb
Heterozygous= Different sizes; Bb
What is an alternative form of a single gene called?
Allele
What are the four units of the Geologic Time Scale?
Epoch
Period
Era
Eon
What island did Darwin sail to on the HMS Beagle to collect evidence of evolution?
Galapagos Islands
What are the seven categories used to classify an organism in biology? It usually goes from broadest to most specific.
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
What is the difference between dominant and recessive genes?
Dominant= expressed no matter what
Recessive= only expressed if there are two recessive alleles
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Genotype: an organism’s allele pairs
Example: The genotype of yellow-seed plants could be YY or Yy
Phenotype: the observable characteristic or outward expression of an allele pair
Example: The phenotype of a pea plant with the genotype yy will be green seeds
What two types of rock do not form fossils?
Igneous Rock
Metamorphic Rock
What is the process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring?
Natural Selection
What mnemonic device is used to help remember the seven categories of classification?
King
Phillip
Came
Over
From
Germany
Swimming