DNA & RNA
This nitrogenous base pairs with adenine in DNA
What is thymine
The process that produces mRNA from DNA.
What is transcription?
The monomers that make up proteins.
What are amino acids?
The DNA region where RNA polymerase binds to begin transcription.
What is the promoter?
The enzyme that joins DNA fragments together.
What is DNA ligase?
The three components found in every nucleotide.
What are a phosphate group, pentose sugar and nitrogenous base?
The three stages of eukaryotic gene expression.
What are transcription, RNA processing and translation?
This level of protein structure refers to the amino acid sequence.
What is primary structure?
The DNA sequence to which a repressor protein binds.
What is the operator?
The laboratory technique used to separate DNA fragments by size.
What is gel electrophoresis?
DNA strands are described as this because they run in opposite directions
What is antiparallel?
The process that removes introns and joins exons together.
What is alternative splicing?
The common secondary structures formed by hydrogen bonding in proteins.
What are alpha helices and beta-pleated sheets?
In the trp operon, high levels of tryptophan cause the operon to do this.
What is switch off / stop transcription?
During PCR, DNA strands separate at approximately this temperature.
What is 95°C?
Cytosine and guanine are joined by this many hydrogen bonds.
What is three?
The only start codon in the genetic code.
What is AUG?
Two proteins with different primary structures can perform similar functions because of similarities in this aspect of their structure.
What is their tertiary (three-dimensional) structure?
The regulatory gene that produces the repressor protein for the trp operon.
What is trpR?
Short DNA sequences required for DNA polymerase to begin PCR amplification.
What are primers?
This term describes the genetic code because 64 codons code for only 20 amino acids.
What is degenerate?
A mature mRNA leaves the nucleus through these structures.
What are nuclear pores?
This protein role is represented by the "M" in the acronym HITS ME.
What is movement?
When tryptophan levels are high, segments ___ and ___ form the terminator hairpin loop in attenuation.
What are segments 3 and 4?
This type of molecule is used to carry the human insulin gene into bacterial cells during transformation.
What is a recombinant plasmid?