DNA Structure
Replication
Transcription and Translation
Gene Expression
Cell Division
100
The shape of a DNA molecule.
What is a double helix?
100
If a strand of DNA has the nitrogenous base thymine, the complementary strand will have this.
What is adenine?
100
This process changes the "language" of nucleotides to the "language" of amino acids.
What is translation?
100
Factors from an organism's ____________ can influence gene expression.
What is environment?
100
This process is the division of the parent cells chromosomes, resulting in two identical nuclei for each daughter cell.
What is mitosis?
200
The sub-unit of DNA, consisting of a sugar-phosphate backbone and A, C, G, or T.
What is a nucleotide?
200
If a strand of DNA has the nitrogenous base guanine, the complementary strand will have this.
What is cytosine?
200
This process results in the creation in mRNA and is only applied to one gene at a time.
What is transcription?
200
A change in the genetic base sequence.
What is mutation?
200
During this phase of mitosis, the DNA condenses and becomes visible.
What is prophase?
300
A section of DNA is known as this, that codes for a specific trait
What is a gene?
300
Before a DNA molecule can replicate, it first must do this to its double helix.
What is unzip?
300
A series of three nucleotides. Each of these codes for one amino acid.
What is a codon?
300
When just one nucleotide is changed into another, this kind of mutation occurs.
What is subsitution?
300
During this stage of cell division, the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell.
What is metaphase?
400
This structure allows 6 feet worth of DNA to fit inside every cell's nucleus.
What is a chromosome?
400
This enzyme places nucleotides and proofreads the new strand during replication.
What is DNA polymerase?
400
This molecule has an anticodon on one end and an amino acid on the other.
What is transfer RNA?
400

original sequence: AGTCTGACGGAT

mutated sequence: AGTCTCACGGAT

What type of mutation occured?


What is substitution?

400
During this stage of mitosis, spindle fibers pull the chromatids to either side of the cell.
What is anaphase?
500
This scientist discovered that every organism has equal amounts of T and A and equal amounts of C and G
Who is Chargaff?
500
After DNA replication, each chromosome will have two identical sister ________________.
What are chromatids?
500

Transcribe the following sequence to mRNA:

AGT CTC ACG GAT

UCA GAG UGC CUA

500

True or False: Heart cells and liver cells are able to perform different functions because they have different DNA.

False. They express different genes.

500
If this stage of cell division didn't occur, the parent cell would have two nuclei.
What is cytokinesis?
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