Medieval Geography
The Holy Roman Empire
Who was on the bottom of the Feudal Pyramid?
Serfs and peasants
What is a manor?
A large estate owned by a knight or lord.
What was crop rotation?
Planting different crops on the same part of land
What was a cannon?
An invention where a heavy ball was launched out of a large gun.
Name two mountains found in Medieval Europe.
Carpathian Mountains, the Alps, or Pyrenees Mountains.
Name one thing a retainer/vassal was expected to do for a lord.
Advice on politics, military service, lodge and feed the lord and household, provide money, and to be loyal.
Who worked at manors?
Peasants and serfs
What was tandem harnessing?
When two horses were harnessed together, one in front of the other.
What was the longbow?
A very tall bow that has the ability to launch arrows farther than a normal bow.
Name at least two sea found in Europe.
Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, North Sea, or Atlantic Ocean.
Name one thing a lord was expected to do for his retainer/vassal.
Protect the vassal and his property, make sure he has a chance to plead their case if accused in front of their peers.
What was a woman's role in the manor system?
A woman had to obey the man, no matter their role, but some were very powerful and important.
What was the name of the heavy plow invented in the Middle Ages?
The Carruca
What animal was mostly used to fight in battles?
Horses
Name three cities found in Medieval Europe.
What two roles were in the middle of the Feudal Pyramid?
Lords and knights.
Who controlled manors?
Wealthy and powerful men.
What technology helped horses pull heavy plows?
Horse collars
What invention changed warfare for more modern weapons to be created?
Gunpowder
Name all rivers found in Medieval Europe.
Po River, Seine River, Rhine River, and Danube River.
What other nation also had Feudalism?
Japan
How did the Manor System work?
Knights/Lords gave permission for peasants and serfs to farm their land, as long as they gave the knights the food in trade for protection.
How did improvements in agricultural technology help end the manor system?
More work could get done in less time, resulting in more food, fewer serfs, and more traders/specialists.
How did changes in military technology end Feudal Europe?
Knights were no longer needed because common people were recruited to use new, simple weapons that didn't need much training. Castles were also obsolete because they could easily collapse from cannons.