Genetics
T/F The genome refers to only the genes in the nucleus?
False, bacteria don't even have nuclei. Also includes plasmids, mitochondrial DNA and cytoplasmic DNA.
What is a restriction endonuclease?
Enzymes that cut DNA 🡪 Blunt cut or a sticky end( protrudes out)
Bonus: what's so special about the site that is being cut?
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and Kuru are diseases caused by which microbe
Prions
Which herpes virus makes you susceptible to cross infections, making it possible for you to spread cold sores to areas like your eye and fingernails
HHV1
What virus would result in cold sores
HHV1
A genome has 23% Thymine, what percentage of it is made of Guanine?
27%
What is an Hfr Cell?
A cell with a plasmid that integrate into the host chromosome through homologous regions
Define Teratogen
Molecules that can cause embryonic defects
Reactivated form of chicken pox is called
This ssDNA disease presents with a pink "slapped cheek" rash on the face
Erythrovirus
Where does transcription occur in eukaryotes and prokaryotes respectively?
Nucleus and cytoplasms
Denature it with heat.
Non-enveloped viruses release their virions through
Lysis
How is the CYTOMEGALOVIRUS transmitted
droplets, direct contact; vertical transmission
What is a hallmark of the Rotavirus
Severe in children and causes severe gastrointestinal symptoms
How tightly bound is the repressor to the operator when theres lots of glucose and lactose in the enviroment.
Pretty tight.
If a 45 bp and a 350 bp DNA fragment are inserted at the top, which will move closest to the bottom after gel electrophoresis is done?
the 45 bp fragment.
Name a Cytopathic effects that viruses cause
– Appearance of virus-specific proteins on cell membrane – Inclusion bodies – Syncytia – Transformation – oncogenic
Lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, sore throat, headache, nausea, general weakness & fatigues, & mild fever are hallmarks of this herpes virus
HHV4 Epstein Barr
Which virus infects the URT and causes maculopapular rashes and Koplik's spots in the mouth.
rubeola aka measles
How is transcription terminated
Rho Dependent or Rho independent termination
Name 4 applications of PCR
nfectious disease diagnosis
Amplify genes of microbes that can’t be cultured
Compare genes between spp.
Dx inherited disease
Identify grossly disfigured individuals
Forensics – link samples left at crime scene to suspects
Research
Define Antigenic Shift and Antigenic Drift
two or more different strains of a virus, or strains of two or more different viruses, combine to form a new subtype having a mixture of the surface antigens of the two or more original strains.
Drift is minor natural mutations that may cause vaccine mismatch
pink rash on face, neck, trunk, & thighs along with symptoms such as fever, nausea, headache and fatigue are hallmarks of which herpes virus
HHV6-Roseolovirus
What cells does HIV attack and how do people with AIDS generally die?
T cells and opportunistic diseases