Cardiovascular system
How many chambers does the human heart have?
4
what are the 3 types of neurons?
sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons
Respiration meaning
gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
What are aspects of the 1st line defence?
Skin, mucus, saliva, and tears
What does the excretory system do?
Removes waste produced by the activities of cells
What does hemoglobin do?
Carries red blood cells and transports oxygen to the body.
what are the different parts of a neuron?
cell body, dendrites, nucleus, axon, myelin sheath, and axon terminal
What goes in and what goes out during respiration
Oxygen is taken in while Carbon Dioxide is released
What are aspects of the 2nd line defense?
Cellular defences (phagocytes, neutrophilis, basophils, eosinophils, macrophages)
What do the kidneys do?
Filters waste out of the blood
What is the difference between arteries and veins?
Arteries carry blood away from the heart, while veins carry blood towards the heart.
peripheral vs central
peripheral = autonomic (controls self-regulated action of internal organs and glands) somatic is under umbrella of peripheral = sensory input and motor output
Central = brain and spinal cord
Pulmonary meaning
Pulmonary refers to anything relating to the lungs and the respiratory system
What do microphages do?
detect, engulf, and destroy pathogens and cellular debris
What are 2 waste products excreted through skin when you sweat?
water and salts
What is the function of the heart valves?
To prevent backflow of blood, making sure it moves in only one direction
pre-synaptic cell, neuro transmitter, bind to receptor, post synaptic density
What does the diaphragm do and where is it located
The diaphragm controls the expansion and contraction of the lungs. It is located at the bottom of the chest
How do virus' infect cells?
Attaching to receptors and using their own enzymes to replicate
Why are the circulatory and excretory system related?
blood that circulates through the body passes through one of the two kidneys, and when waste is removed most of the water goes back into the blood
Explain the path of the blood flowe
Vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta
what do we need for the brain?
Alveoli purpose and location
The alveoli are tiny air sacks located in the bronchioles where oxygen moves into the blood and carbon dioxide is removed
What is the difference between B cells and T cells?
T-cells destroy infected cells and regulate immune responses, while B-cells create antibodies to combat invading pathogens
Describe the direction that urine moves in the excretory system
kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra