Unit
3
Study guide
Jeopardy
(yay)
100
Is it possible for an organism not to have DNA? Why or why not?
No! All organisms have DNA, or else they do not exist and therefore are not organisms
100
What is an organisms genome?
The genetic information of an organism, i.e. all of its DNA
100
How do Darwin’s Finches display the process of natural selection? How do their beaks relate to that discussion
The finches on each island have different beaks best suited for the food available to them. Those with beaks best suited to live on each island are now the only finches left
100
Is it possible for an organism to get more DNA from one parent normally? Why or why not?
No, normally an organism inherits 50% of it's DNA from each parent, an equal amount from both
100
Can genes code for different proteins? Or do they code for only a single protein
Yes! Genes can code for several proteins (technically)
200
What is an gene?
A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait
200
What is an adaptation?
A mutation that makes an organism better suited to live in its current environment
200
Are mutations always a change in an organisms genome? Are they always adaptations?
Yes they are always a change in the genome, though they are not always adaptations
200
What causes mutations?
Mistakes in an organisms genome
200
Bacteria often become resistant to antibiotics if exposed to them long enough. Why does this happen and what is this process called?
Bacteria who develop antibiotic resistance survive, and those without die. This is natural selection
300
What is an allele?
An allele is a specific version of a gene
300
A flower produces either yellow or white flowers. One allele is Y, which codes for yellow, or y, which codes for white
What possible genotypes could result in yellow flowers?
YY, Yy
300
How much DNA do cells contain in different parts of the body?
All cells of the body contain all of an organisms DNA, however they only use part of it
300
What do A, B, C, and D represent on the cladogram above? What traits do the wolf and horse share?
Common ancestors, Vertebrate and Hair
300
What does it mean when we say “Mutations are random, Natural selection is not”
Mutations occur randomly, but what determines whether or not an organism is well adapted to their environment is not random
400
Most mutations are positive, negative, or neutral?
Most mutations are negative
400
A flower produces either yellow or white flowers. One allele is Y, which codes for yellow, or y, which codes for white
What is the probability of each phenotype if the parents both have the genotype of Yy?
75% Yellow, 25% white
400
What must exist in a population for natural selection to occur
Variation, Inheritable Genes, and Organisms must compete with each other for survival
400
A flower produces either yellow or white flowers. One allele is Y, which codes for yellow, or y, which codes for white
Which is the dominant allele? How do you know?
Yellow, since it is being represented by a capital Y
400
How does evolution explain the diversity of life on the planet today?
Organisms evolving and adapting in different ways over hundreds of millions of years led to a lot of different outcomes, which explains why there are so many different organisms
500
It is often noted that natural selection is a process of solutions before problems. How does this work?
Mutations occur, giving rise to new traits. Then, once a problem occurs, those organisms who already have advantageous mutations survive, meaning they evolved the solution to a problem before it arose
500
A flower produces either yellow or white flowers. One allele is Y, which codes for yellow, or y, which codes for white
What possible genotypes could result in white flowers?
yy
500
How do asexually reproducing animals evolve
They depend on mutations during reproduction
500
Are populations with more or less variation expected to survive
More variation, as they have more possible gene combinations and thus have more opportunities to have adaptations arise
500
How does sexual reproduction lead to variation?
Two organisms combine their DNA making a new combination, which leads to variation