Cell Cycle
DNA & RNA Structure & Function
Protein Synthesis Pt 2
Protein Synthesis Pt 2
Mendelian Genetics Pt 1
Mendelian Genetics Pt 2
100
Which phase do most cells spend their life in?
Interphase
100
What is the structure of DNA?
Double helix
100
What is the main goal of protein synthesis?
Make proteins!
100
What does the word synthesis mean?
make
100
Why do we have 2 sets of DNA?
One from mom and dad
100
What is the difference between a dominant and a recessive trait?
Dominant- always expressed/show, capital letter
Recessive- only expressed when dominant trait not present, lowercase letter
200
What phase does this show?
Anaphase
200
Write the complementary base pairs for the DNA strand:
ATC GCA TTA
TAG CGT AAT
200
What does the "r" in rRNA stand for?
ribosomal
200
What is the difference between transcription and translation?
transcription: making a copy of mRNA from DNA
translation: reading the instructions from mRNA and making the proteins
200
Identify all the genotypes that would result in dominant phenotype being shown
AA Bb CC dd Ee ff Gg
AA, Bb, CC, Ee, Gg
As long as there is one capital letter the dominant phenotype will show
200
What did Gregor Mendel study in pea plants?
If there was a pattern on how traits were passed from parent to offspring.
300
What phase does this show?
Metaphase
300
_________ bonds are weak and bond the nitrogen bases.
hydrogen
300
What are proteins made out of?
Amino acids
300
What is the function of tRNA?
transfer amino acids to mRNA and the ribosome
300
Brown eyes (B) are dominant to blue eyes (b). Mr. Jones has brown eyes but his mom has blue eyes. Mrs. Jones eye color is homozygous recessive. What are their genotypes?
Mr. Jones- Bb
Mrs. Jones- bb
300
Difference between homozygous and heterozygous. You can give an example if it helps.
Homozygous- Same size letters (ex. AA, aa)
Heterozygous- Diff size letters (ex. Aa)
400
In which phase does the cytoplasm fully split?
Cytokinesis
400
What is DNA made out of?
Nucleotides
400
What is the function of mRNA?
moves genetic information from the DNA to the ribosome
400
Where do the instructions to make proteins come from?
DNA
400
Difference between a phenotype and genotypes. You can give an example if it helps.
Genotype- actual alleles inherited (ex. Aa)
Phenotype- visible, physical traits (ex. blue eyes)
400
What part of our cell are our genes found in?
Nucleus
500
What is the purpose of the cell cycle? (Think about the cycle as a whole)
For the cell to grow and divide/produce new cells
500
List 3 differences between DNA and RNA
DNA: double helix
RNA: single strand
DNA: A, T, C, G
RNA: A, U, C, G
DNA: deoxyribose sugar
DNA: ribose sugar
500
Transcribe and translate the following:
TAC CGC TTC
mRNA:
Amino acids:
mRNA: AUG GCG AAG
amino acids: met - ala - lys
500
Transcribe and translate the following:
GCT AGG GTA
mRNA:
amino acids:
mRNA: CGA UCC CAU
amino acids: arg - ser - his
500
In rabbits, short hair (H) is dominant to long hair (h). Cross two heterozygous guinea pigs. Complete a punnett square showing all possible genotypes and phenotypes.
Hh x Hh
HH - 1
Hh - 2
hh - 1
75% short hair
25% long hair
500
Tongue rolling (T) is dominant to not tongue rolling (t). A man who is homozygous for tongue rolling is crossed with a woman who is homozygous for not tongue rolling. Complete a punnett square showing all possible genotypes and phenotypes.
TT x tt
Genotype: Tt - 4
Phenotype: 100% tongue rolling