Marine Biology
Dinoflagellates and angler fish demonstrate this characteristic/property
Bioluminescence
Determine the perspective of each diagram
Left: merry-go-round, Right: spinning basketball
What is destructive wave interference?
When the sun and moon’s gravitational pull works against each other to cause minimal tidal range
What is the trigger for El Nino?
Low pressure cell/zone shifting from over the land to over the water.
What is direct energy transport? What happens when a wave receives direct energy transport?
When energy goes directly from the wind into a wave. Waves will increase in size when they receive more energy.
The zone in the ocean with the most marine life is called the ____ zone and is located ____. Why is this?
Photic; top 200m of world’s oceans; has access to more sunlight which is energy needed for plants and plants are needed for the animals
True or false: The toward bulge is caused by a drop in centrifugal force and an increase in gravity. Explain why. Draw a diagram with arrows representing the forces.
False: Centrifugal force is constant. Gravity increases causing excess gravity but centrifugal force does not decrease. Excess gravity is still the reason for the toward bulge.
True or false: The sun has a greater gravitational impact on the earth than the moon because it has an extremely high mass.
False; although mass is high and affects gravity, distance affects gravitational pull as well. Moon is much closer, so ultimately has a greater gravitational impact
What are some results of El Nino?
Low biological productivity, flooding in central/south Americas, drought conditions in Indonesia, warmer-than-normal winters in WI/MN
What is the main difference between tsunamis and common sea waves? (Hint: it is not size)
Tsunamis powered by tectonic activity/earthquakes, common sea waves powered by wind
As trophic level increases, available energy units _____________. Why?
Decreases, only 10% of energy is preserved with each trophic level
*Diagram. At t=6 hours, where will the person be? Is this tide diurnal or semidiurnal? What tide will person be in?
At t=6, person will be at flood tide. Tide is diurnal because in 24 hours, person hits high tide and low tide only once/day.
Which moon phases are associated with neap tide? (must draw diagram)
First quarter phase and third quarter phase
What is the definition of El Nino? Where does it occur?
Warmer than average water accumulating against the Americas, happens around Christmas
What is the density of Antarctic bottom water? Why is it this way?
High density because of decrease temperature and increased salinity. Increased salinity caused by ice formation acting as evaporation.
*Diagram. Will this result in high or low biological productivity and why?
Downwelling will occur so it will be low biological productivity
Where will person be at t=12 hours? Is this a diurnal or semidiurnal tide? What tide will person be in?
At t=12 hours, person will be at high tide. Semidiurnal because in 24 hrs, 2 complete tide cycles. We can not determine declination angle due to perspective.
What causes a tide to be diurnal rather than semidiurnal? (I’m not asking for definition, rather for what causes it)
Declination angle – angle between moon and earth’s equatorial plane. Declination angle 0 = semidiurnal. Declination angle maximum = diurnal.
What does El Nino do to biological productivity? Why?
Lower bio productivity because cancels upwelling. Colder, deep waters unable to rise above the accumulation of warm water. *Cork and superball=high density(cold water) sink, low density (warm water)float
What allows for the wind to cause a tiny bump/ripple in water. (2 important answers)
Friction allows wind to pull/move the water. Surface tension of water, when water gets pushed against itself, it wants to stick together due to its high surface tension.
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
CO2 + H2O + nutrients --> sunlight in presence of chlorophyll -> C6H12O6 + O2 OR carbon dioxide + water + nutrients --> sunlight in presence of chlorophyll --> glucose and oxygen
What type of tide is this? Spring or neap and why? Diurnal or semidiurnal and why? What is the moon phase? What other moon phase could be associated with this tide?
It is neap tide because it has minimal tidal range. Sun and moon working against each other aka destructive wave interference. Moon is in 1st quarter but could also be in 3rd quarter to form this tide. We can not tell if it is diurnal or semidiurnal because we do not have the perspective.
What is a spring tide? What is another name for this? What causes a spring tide? How will high and low tides compare to that of neap tides?
Spring tide is maximal tidal range and also known as constructive wave interference. Caused when sun and moon’s gravitational pulls work with each other to cause higher high tides and lower low tides.
What does El Nino do to the winds? Which current(s) does this affect? Hint: it will help to draw out the diagram
The L shifts from land to water. Water has higher heat capacityand is colder. Colder stovetop = colder air. Cold air = high density = high atm pressure. L is higher pressure over water than it was over land, making the difference from high pressure to low pressure less. Bike tire pt. 2 states that pressure difference controls wind velocity, so with less difference winds would be weaker. Weaker winds makes weaker south equatorial and north equatorial currents – because they are powered by the wind. ECC does not change as it is powered by gravity.
What is orbital motion? What is the difference in orbital motion of shallow water waves and deep water waves?
Water molecules rotate as wave passes. In deep waves, moving orbitals do not touch the bottom of water body, water depth = L/2. In shallow water waves the orbitals do touch/drag along the bottom, and depth is = L/20