Cell Cycle & Mitosis
During which stage of interphase does DNA get copied/duplicated?
S
If the purple eye allele is dominant (A) and the orange eye allele is recessive (a), a gecko with Aa as its genotype would have which color for its eyes?
Purple (dominant shows!)
In incomplete dominance, if a white flower (WW) and a red flower (RR) crossed, what color would be all of the offspring?
Pink
What are the 4 bases of DNA (just the letters)?
A, T, C, G (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine)
What is one difference of RNA compared to DNA?
-Single-stranded instead of double-stranded
-Has the letter U instead of the letter T
-Can leave the nucleus
-Has a ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose sugar
What is the asexual reproduction of somatic cells (normal body cells) called?
Mitosis
The sperm and egg cells are reproductive cells that are also known as (think of their more scientific name)
Gametes
In codominance, if a brown horse (BB) and a white horse (WW) were crossed, what color would all of the offspring be?
Brown-and-white-striped or brown-and-white-spotted (both colors should be represented)
What DNA base matches up to A?
T
The construction of mRNA from a DNA template is known as what part of the Central Dogma (there are 2 processes that make up the Central Dogma)?
Transcription
If a cell with 46 chromosomes divides through mitosis, how many chromosomes will be in each new cell?
46! (DNA was duplicated and when the sister chromatids separate, you have the same amount still)
Using the letter A or a, what is an example of a homozygous recessive individual?
aa
In a codominant scenario, a brown horse (BB) and a white horse (WW) are crossed. Of the offspring outcomes, what percentage would be white, knowing that hybrid form (BW) is brown-and-white-spotted.
0%- you only get BW from the cross.
What is the name of the enzyme that unwinds the double helix?
Which organelle of the cell is responsible for translation (assembling proteins from mRNA).
Ribosome!
During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?
Metaphase
What is another term for a heterozygous individual?
Hybrid
A guinea pig who is AaBb is crossed with another guinea pig that is AaBb. What are the chances that their offspring will be aaBB?
1/16 (1/4 for aa * 1/4 for BB).
Replicate this DNA strand: 3' ATC GTG TAC 5'
5' TAG CAC ATG 3'
Transcribe this mRNA strand: 3' CAC GTA CTA 5'
5' GUG CAU GAU 3'
During which stage of mitosis do the sister chromatids separate?
Anaphase!
Phenotype
4, unique (remember, going for diversity) and haploid
What is the name of the enzyme that glues together the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand called?
Ligase
Translate this mRNA strand into amino acids: 5' AUG AAA UUU AUA 3'
MET- LYS- PHE- ISO