Sampling Concepts
What is the population?
The three things necessary steps to conduct a SRS (Simple Random Sample)
What is label individuals (1), randomize (2), select (3)?
The step a experiment does that an observational study does not
What is impose a treatment?
When a fake treatment works
What is Placebo Effect?
The conclusion that can be made when results are statistically significant
What is convincing evidence?
What is nonresponse?
The sampling method where you choose a random starting point and use equal intervals
What is Systematic Random Sample?
The variable that leads to false conclusions about a relationship
What is the confounding variable?
The four things that make a well-designed experiment
What is comparison (1), random assignment (2), replication (3), and control (4)?
When conclusions can be made to the population we sampled from
What is generalization?
A sample of an easily accessible group
Individuals with shared attributes or characteristics in a Stratified Random Sample
What is a strata?
What or who a treatment is imposed on
What is the experimental unit?
A type of experiment where subjects are separated into groups with others that are similar and then randomly assigned treatments within each unit
What is Randomized Block Design?
A visual tool used to map out all possible outcomes of a sequence of events as well as calculating their combined probabilities
What is a tree diagram?
In general, a problem in the data gathering instrument or process
What is response bias?
What is sample without replacement (no repeats)?
The variable on the x axis
What is the explanatory variable (independent variable)?
What is randomizing the order?
The percent that says that something is statistically significant unless otherwise stated
What is 5% (0.05)?
In a sampling method, two things produce the most accurate estimates
What is low bias and low variability?
The groups in a Cluster Sample (hint: a Stratified Random Sample is homogeneous)
What is heterogenous?
A common misconception about correlation and causation
What is correlation does not equal causation?
The step that allows us to conclude treatment causes changes in the response variable
What is Random Assignment?
A tool that models an experiment using computer generated results
What is a simulation?